Electrochemical removal of phenol from oil refinery wastewater

Abdelwahab, Ola; Amin, N.K.; El-Ashtoukhy, E.-S. Z.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.016

Cited by 338 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Owing to the toxic nature of phenol, it is placed under priority list of pollutants that need to be treated before releasing the wastewater to the aquatic ecosystems. The total phenol in refinery wastewater has been estimated to be 13-88 mg/l (Abdelwahab et al 2009;Jou and Huang 2003;Ojumu et al 2005;El Naas et al 2010). Conventional phenol removal techniques include solvent extraction, adsorption, coagulation and chemical oxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of phenol by a novel diatom BD1IITG-kinetics and biochemical studies

Das

Mandal

Patra

2015

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A phenol-degrading novel diatom BD1IITG was isolated from petroleum refinery wastewater and characterized (GenBank Accession No. KJOO2533). HPLC analysis showed the diatom could degrade phenol in the concentration range of 50-250 mg/l in Fog's media. The highest specific growth and degradation rate were achieved at 100 mg/l phenol. It could also mineralize phenol along with aliphatics in petroleum refinery wastewater. Growth kinetic modeling shows that Haldane model best represents the growth behavior of the diatom in nutrient media as well as refinery wastewater. Biokinetic parameters suggest that the diatom possesses higher maximum specific growth rate (l max = 0.4 day -1 ), better tolerance to toxicity (K I = 90.24 mg/l) and high phenol affinity (K s = 20.99 mg/l) in refinery wastewater as compared to Fog's media confirming practical applicability of the strain for wastewater treatment. FTIR fingerprinting of biomass indicates intercellular phenol uptake and breakdown into its intermediates via phenol degradation pathway. Pathway was elucidated using HPLC, LC-MS and UV-visible spectrophotometry confirming prominence of ortho-over meta pathway for phenol metabolism. The diatom produces biosurfactant with highest emulsifying activity at 100 mg/l phenol which may contribute to highest degradation rate at this concentration. Infrared analysis confirms increased biosynthesis of lipids and polysaccharides in phenol-degrading biomass, indicating its potential use as feedstock of clean ecofriendly energy sources as biodiesel or bioethanol. The phenol degradation capability coupled with potential applicability of the spent biomass as biofuel feedstock makes diatom BD1IITG a potential candidate for a clean environmentally sustainable process. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of phenol by a novel diatom BD1IITG-kinetics and biochemical studies

Das

Mandal

Patra

2015

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…These are generated during the electrolysis process by electrodissolution of a sacrificial anode made of aluminium or iron. Electrocoagulation has been successfully performed for treatment and remediation of textile wastewaters [18,19], oil wastes [20,21], diary effluents [22], diesel and biodiesel wastewaters [23,24], laundry wastewaters [25], slaughter house effluents [26], arsenic or fluoride containing waters [27,28] and heavy metal bearing effluents [29][30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel removal from waste water by electrocoagulation with aluminum electrodes

Dermentzis¹,

Valsamidou²,

Lazaridou³

et al. 2011

JESTR

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In this study, the performance of electrocoagulation with aluminium electrodes for removing nickel from synthetic aqueous solutions and actual electroplating wastewater was investigated. Parameters affecting the electrocoagulation process, such as initial pH, current density, initial metal ion concentration and contact time were investigated. The removal efficiency is very high in the pH range 4-10. Increased current density accelerated the electrocoagulation process, however, on cost of increased energy consumption. Initial Ni 2+ concentrations of 100-300 mg/lit were quantitatively reduced under the admissible limits in only 10-20 minutes of electrolysis time respectively at the current density of 30 mA/cm 2 . The process has proved to be efficient in removing Ni 2+ ions also from industrial electroplating effluents, where an initial Ni 2+ concentration of 215 mg/lit fell under the legal limits in 20 minutes.

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“…The energy consumption (EC) for the removal of 10 3 g of COD was determined through equation 2: 14,29 (2) where, t is the electrolysis time (h), U is the cell applied potential (V), I is the current (A), V the solution volume (L) and DCOD the COD difference (mg L -1 ).…”

Section: M(ohmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 The electrolytic process has shown to be an efficient low cost, an alternative to the treatment of several aqueous effluents containing organic and inorganic pollutants. 3,4,6,[10][11][12][13][14][15] In this process, different electrode materials, such as Ti/RuO 2 , Ti/IrO 2 , Pt, Ti/PbO 2 , borondoped diamond (BDD) and Ti/SnO 2 -Sb have been tested. Some authors [16][17][18] reported that the "active" electrodes such as Ti/RuO 2 and Ti/IrO 2 are not very effective for phenols degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrooxidation of Phenol on a Ti/RuO2 anode: effect of some electrolysis parameters

Santos¹,

Afonso²,

Dutra³

2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Foram investigadas as influências do tempo de eletrólise, da área anódica, da densidade de corrente e do tipo de eletrólito na degradação de fenol e de seus subprodutos de oxidação em anodo de Ti/RuO 2 . Foi observado que na presença de cloreto ocorreu rápida degradação de fenol e de seus subprodutos. Resultados de cromatografia gasosa/espectroscopia de massa (GC/MS) mostraram que a presença de cloreto levou à formação inicial de clorofenóis através do Cl 2 e/ou OCl¯ gerados durante a eletrólise. Entretanto, eles posteriormente atuaram na degradação dos clorofenóis. As concentrações limites estabelecidas pelo Órgão Ambiental Brasileiro (CONAMA) para descartes de fenol e clorofenóis foram obtidas após 360 min de eletrólise a uma densidade de corrente fixa de 10 mA cm -2 . Voltamogramas cíclicos obtidos antes e após 436 h de eletrólise em condições severas de salinidade (2 mol L -1 ) e densidade de corrente (800 mA cm -2 ) mostraram que o eletrodo de Ti/RuO 2 não perdeu suas propriedades eletrocatalíticas.The influences of electrolysis time, anodic area, current density and supporting electrolyte on phenol and its byproducts degradation on a Ti/RuO 2 anode were investigated. It was observed that phenol and its byproducts were rapidly broken down in the presence of chloride ions. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) data have shown that the presence of chloride ions lead to chlorophenols formation, due to reactions with Cl 2 and/or OCl¯ generated during electrolysis. However, these intermediate products were also degraded later by the oxidizing agents. The standards established by the CONAMA (Brazilian National Council for the Environment) for phenols and chlorophenols in effluents were achieved after 360 min of electrolysis with a current density of 10 mA cm -2 . Cyclic voltammograms obtained with the anodes before and after 436 h of electrolysis under severe salinity conditions (2 mol L -1 ) and current density (800 mA cm -2 ) showed that Ti/RuO 2 did not lose its electrocatalytic properties. This fact indicates that Ti/RuO 2 can be used for the treatment of effluents containing phenols in a chloride environment. Keywords: electrooxidation, phenols, chlorophenols, supporting electrolyte IntroductionPhenols are persistent organic compounds found in aqueous effluents from domestic activities such as cooking, washing and bathing, as well as petroleum refineries, steel plants, dyeing manufacturing, pharmaceutical and plastic industries. [1][2][3][4] They are refractory to conventional treatment process and, in the presence of chlorine, they may produce chlorophenols, which are carcinogenic and even more refractory to degradation than the phenols themselves. [4][5][6] There are several available processes to treat effluents containing phenols, such as biological treatment, advanced oxidation processes, oxidation in supercritical water and electrochemical oxidation. 6-8 Furthermore, some of those processes, for instance photocatalytic oxidation process, presents high operational costs and operational issues due...

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Electrochemical removal of phenol from oil refinery wastewater

Cited by 338 publications

References 29 publications

Biodegradation of phenol by a novel diatom BD1IITG-kinetics and biochemical studies

Biodegradation of phenol by a novel diatom BD1IITG-kinetics and biochemical studies

Nickel removal from waste water by electrocoagulation with aluminum electrodes

Electrooxidation of Phenol on a Ti/RuO2 anode: effect of some electrolysis parameters

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