Electrochemical Sensing of Roxarsone on Natural Biomass-Derived Two-Dimensional Carbon Material as Promising Electrode Material

Abstract

Herein, we report the electrochemical detection of roxarsone (ROX) on a two-dimensional (2D) activated carbon (AC)-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Meso/microporous 2D-AC is synthesized from a natural biomass Desmostachya bipinnata, commonly known as Kusha in India. This environmentfriendly material is synthesized by chemical activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and used as a sensitive electrochemical platform for the determination of ROX. It is an arsenic-based medicine, also used as a coccidiostat drug. It is widely used in poultry production as a feed additive to increase weight gain and improve feed efficiency. Long-term exposure to arsenic leads to serious health problems in humans and demands an urgent call for sensitive detection of ROX. Therefore, the green synthesis of 2D-AC is introduced as new carbon support for the electrochemical sensing of ROX. It provides a large surface area and efficiently supports enhanced electron transfer. Its electrocatalytic activity is seen in potassium ferri/ferrocyanide by cyclic voltammetry, where the 2D-AC-modified GCE delivered five to six times higher electrochemical performance as compared to the unmodified GCE. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is also performed to show that the prepared material has faster electron transfer and permits a diffusion-controlled process. It works well in real samples and also on disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes, thereby showing great potential for its application in clinical diagnosis. Our results exemplify a modest and innovative style for the synthesis of excellent electrode material in the electrochemical sensing platform and thus offer an inexpensive and highly sensitive novel approach for the electrochemical sensing of ROX and other similar drugs.

Research Progress of Resonance Optical Fiber Sensors Modified by Low‐Dimensional Materials

“…By selecting Al, Cu, Au, Ag, graphene, and other thin films coated on the core with the removal of cladding, the structural conditions of SPR phenomenon can be satisfied, and the LSPR phenomenon can be excited by metal nanoparticles. [ 271–273 ] Similarly, other principles can be excited by selecting different materials with corresponding conditions.…”

Biomass-derived 2D carbon materials: structure, fabrication, and application in electrochemical sensors

“…The latest study is a 2D activated carbon synthesized from Kusha grass in India as a carbon precursor and successfully achieved the electrochemical detection of Roxarsone (ROX). 48 The pores of this 2D-activated carbon are mainly in the form of micropores and mesopores (0.4–2.8 nm) with an average pore size of 1.79 nm and a specific surface area of 194 m 2 g −1 . These small pore sizes provide a good channel for strong adsorption of the target analytes and further improve the electrochemical performance and analytical sensitivity of 2D carbon as a sensing electrode material.…”

Biomass-Derived Carbon Materials as an Emerging Platform for Advanced Electrochemical Sensors: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

“…Synthesis procedure of 2D activated carbon using biomass. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2022 ACS.…”

“…Nikhil et al developed a low-cost and environment-friendly 2D activated carbon (AC) modified GCE (AC-GCE) for electrochemical determination of roxarsone (ROX), an arsenic-based medicine . Meso/microporous 2D-AC was prepared from a natural biomass Desmostachya bipinnata through chemical activation at 700.0 and 800 °C in the presence of KOH (Figure ).…”