Electrochemical Sensors for Monitoring Hydrogen in Steel

Morris, David R.; Sastri, V. S.; Elboujdani, M.; Revie, R. Winston

doi:10.5006/1.3293538

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Amperometric sensors measure the equivalent flow of hydrogen through steel, for which the concentration inside (C 0 H ) can be estimated. While the potentiometric sensor measures the equivalent pressure of hydrogen (P H 2 eq ) in the steel, this can be very useful to estimate corrosion inside, in addition to providing information with which the concentration of hydrogen inside the steel pipelines and containers used for the transportation and handling of hydrocarbons can be estimated [2,4,46].…”

Section: Electrochemical Methods To Measure H Permeation In Metals 71...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Permeation in Carbon Steels

Gilberto Godinez Salcedo,

Gibran Arenas Salcedo,

Xicotencatl García Pérez

2024

Corrosion Engineering - Recent Breakthroughs and Innovative Solutions

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The atomic hydrogen generally comes from corrosion reactions that take place between the steel surface and the sour media. These reactions generate atomic hydrogen that due to its small size can be adsorbed and diffuse through interstitial sites of the crystalline lattice of steel, where it accumulates in nonmetallic discontinuities such as inclusions, dislocations and second phases, where atomic hydrogen begins to combine and form molecular hydrogen, which can no longer diffuse in the steel and over time produces high internal pressures in localized areas of the thickness of the material, leading to the nucleation and propagation of cracks and/or blisters in the absence of applied external stresses. This depends on the type of interaction that occurs between hydrogen and the metal, environmental conditions, heterogeneities of the metal, and the state of stress to which the components are subjected. Due to the increase in sour media in the petroleum industry, it was necessary to reconsider the application of electrochemical techniques and sensors to control and predict hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC).

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Section: Electrochemical Methods To Measure H Permeation In Metals 71...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apparently, most of these slow down the rate at which hydrogen combines to form molecules. In the presence of such substances, there is a large concentration of hydrogen on the surface of the metal [4].…”

Section: Corrosion Between Steel and Sour Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Permeation in Carbon Steels

Gilberto Godinez Salcedo,

Gibran Arenas Salcedo,

Xicotencatl García Pérez

2024

Corrosion Engineering - Recent Breakthroughs and Innovative Solutions

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“…This principle is used in assessing corrosion and inhibitor efficiency using externally mounted hydrogen foils. Two different types of hydrogen monitoring probes are used: electrochemical and vaccum probes [39][40][41][42].…”

Section: E7 Hydrogen Permeationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Selection of Corrosion Inhibitors

Papavinasam¹

2011

Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook

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“…3,[5][6][7] Once solution pH is > 7, the effect of sulfides is insignificant. However, researchers also have found that cyanide has a drastic effect in accelerating corrosion and hydrogen activity from pH ~ 8.0 to pH 9.5, resulting in pronounced ductility loss of steel.…”

Section: Corrosion-february 1998mentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Process Modeling to Screen Refining Equipment for Wet Hydrogen Sulfide Service

Wu¹

1998

CORROSION

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A method was developed to screen refining equipment, including trayed towers, for wet hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) environments. After applying process modeling to simulate exposure environments, results were used to predict whether an aqueous phase was likely to occur and to predict concentrations of the dissolved sulfides and other corrosive species in that aqueous phase. Environments conducive to wet H 2 S cracking were assessed. Examples were given to demonstrate the calculation method. For trayed towers, operating temperature was shown to be a key parameter in determining if an ordinarily assumed dry tower will be prone to aqueous condensation. Tower trays at lower temperatures were more likely to be exposed to a free water phase. Because some levels of H 2 S are inevitable in refinery streams, as long as operating conditions allow an aqueous phase, the resultant wet H 2 S concentration should not be overlooked. Dissolved sulfide levels on different trays can be predicted using the method. For other types of equipment, water content and temperature can be used to determine if wet H 2 S damage is likely.

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Electrochemical Sensors for Monitoring Hydrogen in Steel

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Hydrogen Permeation in Carbon Steels

Hydrogen Permeation in Carbon Steels

Evaluation and Selection of Corrosion Inhibitors

Applying Process Modeling to Screen Refining Equipment for Wet Hydrogen Sulfide Service

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