Electrochemical signatures of multivitamin mixtures

Mohan, A. M. Vinu; Brunetti, Barbara; Bulbarello, Andrea; Wang, Joseph

doi:10.1039/c5an01964h

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Most focused on electroanalysis. [28][29][30] Webster wrote an excellent review of lipid soluble vitamin electrochemistry based on careful voltammetric studies from his group. 31 Biochemistry of vitamins is well reviewed in Reference 32.…”

Section: G26mentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review—Electrochemical Properties of 13 Vitamins: A Critical Review and Assessment

Lovander

Lyon

Parr

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Review of the literature on the currently recognized, thirteen vitamins yields an overview of the electrochemical properties that include estimates of the formal potentials at physiological pH and identification of the general classes of redox mechanisms. All vitamins are electroactive and map a range of formal potentials E 0 over a 3 V window. The vitamins are grouped as lipid soluble (vitamins A, D, E, and K) and water soluble (B vitamins and vitamin C). Mechanisms are grouped as single electron transfer agents (B3, B7, B2, C, and D), vitamins that can be both oxidized and reduced (B1, B5, B6, B9, and E), and vitamins that undergo two successive, distinct reductions (B12 and K). Vitamin A voltammetry is uniquely complex. Plot of the formal potentials on a potential axis allows assessment of mechanistic paths to vitamin recycling, antioxidant behavior, pH dependence, electrochemical stability in air, acid, and water, electrochemical instability of vitamin pairs, and cooperative interactions between vitamins in medicine. The potential axis is shown as an effective tool for mapping thermodynamically complex interactions. By modern standards, the US federal government identifies 13 vitamins.3 The water soluble vitamins are vitamin C and the eight B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12). The lipid or fat soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K. The fat soluble vitamins can accumulate in the body whereas the water soluble vitamins do not. There are no current vitamins designated beyond E except for K because materials historically assigned the interposed letter designations either no longer fall under the modern definition of vitamin or several related materials were reclassified. Several vitamins exist in different but related chemical structures.Questions considered in this perspective include whether all vitamins are electroactive; what is the redox potential of the vitamins; what are the kinetics and mechanisms of vitamins on oxidation and reduction; when are vitamins antioxidants; are vitamins stable to water and oxygen; do vitamins interact cooperatively. Although papers are available on the electrochemistry and voltammetry of individual vitamins, no single resource summarizes the electrochemical data for all vitamins. This review compiles and critically assesses the available literature on vitamin voltammetry. The compiled data serve to develop perspective on the electrochemical properties of vitamins and the role of vitamins individually and collectively as electroactive species. This CRES 3 T review assimilates fundamentals of thermodynamics and estimated formal potentials, kinetics, and mechanisms as assessed voltammetrically for individual vitamins to provide perspective on the collective electrochemical properties of the thirteen vitamins. Perspective on vitamin electrochemical properties may contribute to assess yet more complex bioelectrochemical processes. * Electrochemical Society Student Member.* * Electrochemical Society Fellow. z E-mail: johna-leddy@uiowa.eduThe review contains two main sections....

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Section: G26mentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review—Electrochemical Properties of 13 Vitamins: A Critical Review and Assessment

Lovander

Lyon

Parr

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Between all these vitamins, only B 5 seems electrochemically inactive in the potential ranges usually achievable at conventional electrodes. It was shown that it is not detectable at some electrode/supporting electrolyte systems, since no peaks were evidenced in the corresponding voltammograms . Only one paper deals with the redox behavior of the alcohol derivative, D‐panthenol .…”

Section: Water Soluble Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large number of electrochemical techniques have been proposed for the determination of individual vitamins, while their simultaneous determination in mixtures is more limited. In fact, only one paper to date was proposed for determining more than three vitamins simultaneously . Moreover, it was frequently reported the necessity of performing complex calibration procedures when the quantification of several vitamins is needed .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Electroanalysis of Vitamins

Brunetti

2016

Electroanalysis

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Vitamins are a chemically heterogeneous group of compounds known as essential for the normal functioning of the organic metabolism. Their decrease in humans can lead to several diseases and not being produced by the body, they need to be obtained from dietary sources or supplements. For these reasons, their determination in food, pharmaceutical and clinical samples is crucial. This article reviews key advances in electrochemical measurements of vitamins over the past decade. Particular attention is given to papers proving applicability to real samples analysis. The technical features of the proposed sensors are presented and discussed along with their analytical performances. Future trends and challenges are also addressed.

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“…Cyclic square‐wave voltammetry has been employed here to demonstrate such selective EP and NE measurements. Such C‐SWV operation combines oxidative and reductive square‐wave voltammetric scans in a cyclic manner to offer qualitative and quantitative information on micromolar concentrations of electroactive species . Both the oxidation and reduction peaks of micromolar levels of target molecules are thus recorded rapidly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the oxidation and reduction peaks of micromolar levels of target molecules are thus recorded rapidly. C‐SWV has been shown recently to be effective to provide distinct electrochemical fingerprints of gunshot residues to multi‐vitamins in complex mixtures. By presenting oxidation and reduction behavior through C‐SWV, the redox behavior of electroactive molecules can be analyzed in a manner analogous to cyclic voltammetry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Voltammetric Measurements of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine in Presence of Common Interferences Using Cyclic Square‐voltammetry at Unmodified Carbon Electrodes

Cho

Wang

2018

Electroanalysis

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Selective electrochemical measurements of epinephrine (EP) and norepinephrine (NE) in the presence of large excess of the common interfering ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) are accomplished using cyclic square‐wave voltammetry (C‐SWV) at unmodified carbon electrodes. Such use of bare carbon electrodes is based on monitoring the reduction peaks of the EP and NE oxidation products and relies on the reversible electrochemical behavior of these catecholamines compared to that of AA and UA and on the rich information content and high speed and sensitivity of C‐SWV. Detection limits of 3 μM EP and NE are estimated in the presence of 100 fold excess AA and UA. The C‐SWV operation at the uncoated carbon electrode facilitates also the simultaneous measurements of EP and NE. The new C‐SWV protocol enhances the resolving power of unmodified carbon electrodes and represents an extremely useful and simple addition to the arsenal of electrochemical techniques for real‐time monitoring of dynamic brain processes.

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Electrochemical signatures of multivitamin mixtures

Abstract: Distinct electrochemical signatures of multivitamins using cyclic square wave voltammetry at a disposable screen printed electrode.

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Critical Review—Electrochemical Properties of 13 Vitamins: A Critical Review and Assessment

Critical Review—Electrochemical Properties of 13 Vitamins: A Critical Review and Assessment

Recent Advances in Electroanalysis of Vitamins

Selective Voltammetric Measurements of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine in Presence of Common Interferences Using Cyclic Square‐voltammetry at Unmodified Carbon Electrodes

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