Electrochemical Simultaneous Sensing of Melatonin, Dopamine and Acetaminophen at Platinum Doped and Decorated Alpha Iron Oxide

Abstract

Simultaneous sensing of dopamine (DA), acetaminophen (AP) and melatonin (MEL) was made by electrochemical method as the drugs melatonin and acetaminophen interact with dopamine in brain to induce neuro disorders. The glassy carbon electrode surface was modified with un‐doped α‐ Fe2O3, platinum doped Fe2O3 (dPtFe2O3), Pt decorated Fe2O3 (sPtFe2O3) and doped and decorated Fe2O3 (sdPtFe2O3) nano particles that are synthesized by co‐precipitation method in presence of polyethylene glycol for the first time. These particles were characterized using Ultra‐Violet Visible (UV‐Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and electrochemical techniques. The sdPtFe2O3 showed the highest catalytic activity than the dPtFe2O3, sPtFe2O3 and un‐doped α‐ Fe2O3 with well separated voltammetric peaks for DA and AP in presence of MEL. This is attributed to higher surface hydration effects of the sdPtFe2O3, dPtFe2O3 and sPtFe2O3 than the un‐doped Fe2O3 which plays a vital role in enhancing the melatonin sensing in presence of dopamine and acetaminophen. Linear ranges and lowest detection limits for all three analytes were increased by 10 times for the sdPtFe2O3 compared to other Fe2O3 modified electrodes. The sensor is validated using commercially available pharmaceutical drugs used in therapeutics.

3D‐printed Electrodes for Sensing of Biologically Active Molecules

“…It also plays an important role in human metabolism, cardiovascular, renal, and hormonal system. The deficiency or sufficiency of DA induces neurological disorders such as Schizophrenia, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and restless leg syndrome (RLS) by deregulating its concentration in brain and blood . DA metabolites leave the body through urine and the measurement of the catecholamine level in the body can be done by the urine test .…”

“…An important drug such as AC will interfere the measurement of catecholamine in the biological sample. AC interacts with DA to decrease the concentration level of DA metabolites and may induce neurological diseases . Therefore, it is important to measure the concentration of AC in presence of DA and resolve the two competing electrochemical signals to test the sensitivity of the electrode to determine the concentration of each analyte.…”

Self‐powered polymer–metal oxide hybrid solar cell for non‐enzymatic potentiometric sensing of bilirubin

“…That is, BR oxidation generates electrons which is biased to cathode (n‐Al–ZnO), whereas the holes biased to p‐PANI/PVA and sustains the detection voltage at 0.832 V. Activities of bilirubin reactions at the solar‐powered sensor surfaces depend on the solution pH, and therefore, effect of solution pHs on the catalytic activity is examined, Figure a. From the slope (0.125 V/pH) of pH versus peak potential plot and the Nernstian equation ∆Ep/(0.058∆pH) = n, the number of electrons involved in the oxidation reaction is calculated as two protons and two electrons (Manikandan & Dharuman, ; Moussa, Kanoute, Herrenknecht, Levillain, & Trivin, ). The selectivity of the sensor was examined in the presence of 58mg/dl (1 mM) concentrations of potential interferences like ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine (Figure b).…”

A Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor Based on Sonogel-Carbon Material Enriched with Gold Nanoparticles for Melatonin Determination

“…On the other hand, electrochemical methods have attracted great attention due to their simplicity, low cost, reliability, and fast analytical response [ 15 ]. Electrochemical methods have been exploited in the development of various electrochemical sensors for the determination of melatonin [ 16 ]. The electrochemical sensors based on carbon electrode materials have attracted great interest due to their low cost, sensitivity, chemical inertness, and easy modification.…”