Electrochemical study of the graphite—HNO3 system

Авдеев, В. В.; Tverezovskaya, Olga; Сорокина, Н. Е.; Nikol'skaya, I.V.; Финаенов, А. И.

doi:10.1007/bf02757923

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Despite the possibility to electrochemical intercalation of a wide range of both anions, such as sulfates, 89 nitrates 90 and hexafluorophosphates 91 and cations into bulk materials, most of the recent reports on the intercalation of few-layered materials are focused on the intercalation by alkali metals, while examples of anion intercalation are scarce. 89 The intercalation of Li is by far the most studied process, which is motivated by the impact of its large-scale use in Li-ion battery technology.…”

Section: Synthetic Access To Intercalated 2d Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging field of few-layered intercalated 2D materials

et al. 2021

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Section: Synthetic Access To Intercalated 2d Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging field of few-layered intercalated 2D materials

et al. 2021

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“…Electrochemical deconsolidation method is based on anodic oxidation of graphite in electrolytes including strong acids [8][9][10] and salt solution [11,12]. Under the concentration gradient and electrostatic potential gradient, anions would transport towards anodic graphite matrix, with insertion into the graphite layer to form the well-known graphite intercalation compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Electric Current Effect on Electrochemical Deconsolidation of Spherical Fuel Elements

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2017

Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations

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For High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor in China, fuel particles are bonded into spherical fuel elements by a carbonaceous matrix. For the study of fuel failure mechanism from individual fuel particles, an electrochemical deconsolidation apparatus was developed in this study to separate the particles from the carbonaceous matrix by disintegrating the matrix into fine graphite powder. The deconsolidated graphite powder and free particles were characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and ceramography. The results showed that the morphology, size distribution, and element content of deconsolidated graphite matrix and free particles were notably affected by electric current intensity. The electrochemical deconsolidation mechanism of spherical fuel element was also discussed.

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“…In this Electrochemical oxidation of graphite was carried out in a hermetically sealed three-electrode cell by a procedure described in [4], under galvanostatic conditions at a current of 0.5 mA in the H 2 SO 4 -H 3 PO 4 mixture by varying the weight ratio H 2 SO 4 / H 3 PO 4 = 1/(0.5-15). A mercury-sulfate electrode Hg / Hg 2 SO 4 with the potential = 0.615 V with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode served as the reference electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Synthesis of Co-intercalation Compounds in the Graphite-H2SO4-H3PO4System

2005

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Anodic oxidation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite in an electrolyte containing concentrated sulfuric and anhydrous phosphoric acids is studied for the first time. The synthesis was carried out under galvanostatic conditions at a current I = 0.5 mA and an elevated temperature ( t = 80° C). Intercalation compounds of graphite (ICG) are shown to form at all concentration ratios of H 2 SO 4 and H 3 PO 4 acids. The intercalation compound of step I forms in solutions containing more than 80 wt % H 2 SO 4 , a mixture of compounds of intercalation steps I and II forms in 60% H 2 SO 4 , intercalation step II is realized in the sulfuric acid concentration range from 10 to 40%, and a mixture of compounds of intercalation steps III and II is formed in 5% H 2 SO 4 solutions. The threshold concentration of H 2 SO 4 intercalation is ~2%. With the decrease in active intercalate (H 2 SO 4 ) concentration, the charging curves are gradually smoothed, the intercalation step number increases, and the potentials of ICG formation also increase. As the sulfuric acid concentration in the electrolyte changes from 96 to 40 wt %, the filled-layer thickness d i in ICG monotonously increases from 0.803 to 0.820 nm, which apparently is associated with the greater size of phosphoric acid molecules. With further increase in H 3 PO 4 concentration in solution, d i remains unchanged. According to the results of chemical analysis, both acids are simultaneously incorporated into the graphite interplanar spacing and their ratio in ICG is determined by the electrolyte composition.

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Electrochemical study of the graphite—HNO3 system

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Emerging field of few-layered intercalated 2D materials

Emerging field of few-layered intercalated 2D materials

The Electric Current Effect on Electrochemical Deconsolidation of Spherical Fuel Elements

Electrochemical Synthesis of Co-intercalation Compounds in the Graphite-H2SO4-H3PO4System

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