Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia based on a carbonate-oxide composite electrolyte

Electrochemical ammonia synthesis from steam and nitrogen using proton conducting yttrium doped barium zirconate electrolyte with silver, platinum, and lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite electrocatalyst

“…Table 1 lists a collection of ammonia formation rates and Faraday efficiency obtained for ceramic electrolytes. As shown in Table 1, It is seen that the BZY electrolyte supported cell shows a similar ammonia formation rate and Faraday efficiency to cases reported in the literature using (Li,Na,K)CO 3 -Gd 0.2 Ce 0.8 O 2Àd electrolyte with perovskite (1.2e1.8 Â 10 À10 mol cm À2 s À1 ) and spinel oxide (6.5 Â 10 À11 mol cm À2 s À1 ) electrocatalysts [12,20,21] and Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 2Àd electrolyte with platinum (3.6 Â 10 À11 mol cm À2 s À1 ) electrocatalyst [22]. On the contrary, SrCe 0.95 Yb 0.05 O 3Àd electrolyte with ruthenium (9.1 Â 10 À14 mol cm À2 s À1 ) electrocatalyst shows about three orders of magnitudes lower ammonia formation rate than this study.…”

Progress in the Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia

“…Amar [47], under pure nitrogen, with wet hydrogen on the side of the anode ( Table 2). The best of these materials was found to be Co 3 Mo 3 N, which achieved a maximum rate of 3.27 × 10 −10 mol s −1 cm −2 at 450 • C with an applied voltage of 0.8 V vs the CE.…”

Synthesis of ammonia directly from air and water at ambient temperature and pressure

“…There are other reports on electrochemical synthesis of ammonia from N 2 and H 2 O in molten salts at a temperature ~300°C2526. Recently we reported electrochemical synthesis of ammonia at ~500°C based on oxide-carbonate composite electrolytes427. Ammonia tends to decompose at ~500°C28 therefore low temperature synthesis is necessary to avoid ammonia decomposition; however, most good low temperature proton conducting materials are based on acidic materials29.…”