Electrochemical synthesis of birnessite-type layered manganese oxides for rechargeable lithium batteries

Synthesis of layered birnessite-type manganese oxide thin films on plastic substrates by chemical bath deposition for flexible transparent supercapacitors

“…Among all the crystallographic forms of manganese oxide [20][21][22][23][24], the use of birnessite-type MnO 2 has become popular due to its layered structure, which is beneficial for the intercalation and deintercalation of H + or alkali metal cations, and shows promising properties in enhancing the special capacitance [25]. Although layered birnessite-type MnO 2 thin films can be prepared by the sol-gel method [26,27], electrostatic spray [28], hydrothermal synthesis [29,30], and electrodeposition [31], large-scale industrial production via these approaches will be limited due to their harsh reaction conditions, energy consuming and complicated procedures. The present work proposes the synthesis of layered birnessite-type MnO 2 thin films directly grown on indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates at room temperature by a facile, effective and inexpensive chemical bath deposition technique (CBD) for flexible transparent supercapacitor applications.…”

A novel chemical synthesis of Mn3O4 thin film and its stepwise conversion into birnessite MnO2 during super capacitive studies

“…Owing to its relatively open structure, birnessite-type MnO 2 is believed to provide more favorable pathways for intercalation and deintercalation of protons or alkali metal cations as compared with monoclinic oxides. This structural characteristic makes the birnessite MnO 2 a promising material for catalysis, molecular adsorption and energy storage [6,7].…”

Synthesis of Copper Birnessite, CuxMnOy·nH2O with Crystallite Size Control: Impact of Crystallite Size on Electrochemistry

“…= 0.26) 37 and magnesium birnessite (max. = 0.17) 9 our metal/manganese ratio data (max. = 0.28) were higher.…”