Electrochemical synthesis of compositionally modulated Fe Pd1− nanowires

Jeon, Byungjun; Yoon, Suk Hoo; Yoo, Bongyoung

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2010.08.062

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For the common pulse electrodeposition, the duty cycle will dramatically affect the peak current, the charging or discharging processes of the electrical double layer, and the Faradic process which corresponds to the metal deposition. [25][26][27][28][29] However, for ECM, there are more aspects, such as anode dissolution, ions migration, precipitates formation and dendrites growth, which may be determined by duty cycle. As mentioned above, the ECM of tin mainly includes two competitive processes, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Study the Electrochemical Migration of Tin under Unipolar Square Wave Electric Field

Zhong

Guo

Qiu

et al. 2013

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Electrochemical migration (ECM) behaviors of tin under unsteady state electric field were investigated via thin electrolyte layer (TEL) method using optical and electrochemical techniques. Unipolar square waves with various time periods and duty cycles were first used as the unsteady state electric field for ECM investigation, where a 3-V-bias and a 0-V-bias were applied across the two electrodes during the ON time and OFF time, respectively. The results show that there is a reverse polarization applied across the two electrodes during the OFF time to ensure the 0-V-bias. The presence of reverse polarization will result in ions migration reverse to their original migration direction and the tin ions that migrated back may even be reduced back to metal tin. Therefore, the reverse polarization is adverse to the ECM process of tin. At the same time period, the rate of dendrites growth increases with the increase of duty cycle. While, for the same duty cycle, the prolongation of time period is favorable for the precipitates formation and/or dendrites growth. The influence mechanisms of time period and duty cycle on ECM behaviors have also been proposed, respectively.Electrochemical migration (ECM), which poses a great threat to the reliability of electronic devices, has attracted considerable attentions. 1-3 This process occurs when two oppositely biased and closely spaced electrodes are connected by a continuous aqueous electrolyte layer. During ECM, metal will dissolve at the anode and then the dissolved metal cations migrate toward the negatively charged cathode, where they can be reduced to metallic dendrites and grow toward anode. Ultimately, such a dendrite can lead to a short circuit as soon as it reaches the anode, thus cause catastrophic failure of electronic devices.ECM has been widely investigated regarding the test methods and its influencing factors. Up to now, there are three common test methods for ECM investigations. The first one is the droplet test (sometimes called water drop test), which can be performed rapidly and is suitable for quantitative investigations. 1-6 The second one is the simulated environment experiment (such as thermal humidity bias test (THB) and highly accelerated stress test (HAST)). 7-10 This method is the most practical way because it can well simulate the environmental conditions that the electronic devices are in service. The last one is the thin electrolyte layer (TEL) test proposed by our group, which is more suitable for quantitative real time in situ study with a good reproducibility. 11,12 ECM behaviors are mainly influenced by materials, solution chemistry and electric field. The ECM behaviors of Sn and its alloys have attracted considerable attentions due to their significant roles as conducting or welding materials in electronic devices. 1-18 Each material has its own migration characteristic and mechanism. As another key factor in ECM behaviors of materials, solution chemistry, such as the concentration of the aggressive ions, 11,12,17 the species categories includi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Study the Electrochemical Migration of Tin under Unipolar Square Wave Electric Field

Zhong

Guo

Qiu

et al. 2013

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…This allows for the balancing of concentration gradients of metal ions as well as the rise of hydrogen bubbles [ 25 ]. Notably, dense Fe-Pd NWs have been previously electrodeposited but no studies have focussed on fabricating their mesoporous counterparts, to the best of our knowledge [ 19 , 22 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Synthesis, Magnetic and Optical Characterisation of FePd Dense and Mesoporous Nanowires

et al. 2023

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Dense and mesoporous FePd nanowires (NWs) with 45 to 60 at.% Pd content were successfully fabricated by template- and micelle-assisted pulsed potentiostatic electrodeposition using nanoporous anodic alumina and polycarbonate templates of varying pore sizes. An FePd electrolyte was utilized for obtaining dense NWs while a block copolymer, P-123, was added to this electrolyte as the micelle-forming surfactant to produce mesoporous NWs. The structural and magnetic properties of the NWs were investigated by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The as-prepared NWs were single phase with a face-centered cubic structure exhibiting 3.1 µm to 7.1 µm of length. Mesoporous NWs revealed a core-shell structure where the porosity was only witnessed in the internal volume of the NW while the outer surface remained non-porous. Magnetic measurements revealed that the samples displayed a soft ferromagnetic behavior that depended on the shape anisotropy and the interwire dipolar interactions. The mesoporous core and dense shell structure of the NWs were seen to be slightly affecting the magnetic properties. Moreover, mesoporous NWs performed excellently as SERS substrates for the detection of 4,4′-bipyridine, showing a low detection limit of 10−12 M. The signal enhancement can be attributed to the mesoporous morphology as well as the close proximity of the embedded NWs being conducive to localized surface plasmon resonance.

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“…During recent years, iron and cobalt alloy thin films, e.g. Fe-Ni, Fe-Pd and Co-Pd, have been widely used as the high density magnetic recording materials and magnetic sensors due to their remarkable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Among these thin films, Fe 70 Pd 30 film has a reversible thermoelastic austenite-martensite phase transformation [7,8], which makes it as an appropriate choice for application in microsensors, microactuators and micromagnets [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various synthesis methods have been employed for production of these alloys; including high vacuum sputtering [13], pulsed laser deposition [14], epitaxial vapor deposition [8], floating zone [15] and electrodeposition [4][5][6][7][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Not only electrodeposition process is favorable from the economical point of view, but also it brings the possibility of controlling chemical composition [7,16,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Behavior of Nanostructured Fe-Pd Alloy During Electrodeposition on Different Substrates

Rezaei

Haghshenas

Ghorbani

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol

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In this work, Fe-Pd alloy films have been electrodeposited on different substrates using an electrolyte containing [Pd(NH 3) 4 ] 2 + (0.02 M) and [Fe-Citrate] 2 + (0.2 M). The influences of substrate and overpotential on chemical composition, nucleation and growth kinetics as well as the electrodeposited films morphology have been investigated using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), current-time transients, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. In all substrates-brass, copper and sputtered fluorine doped tin oxide on glass (FTO/glass)-Fe content of the electrodeposited alloys increases by increasing the overpotential. Also the cathodic current efficiency is low due to high rate of H 2 co-reduction. Regarding the chronoamperometry current-time transients, it has been demonstrated that the nucleation mechanism is instantaneous with a typical three dimensional (3D) diffusion-controlled growth in the case of brass and copper substrates; while for FTO, the growth mode changes to 3D progressive. At a constant overpotential, the calculated number of active nucleation sites for metallic substrates is much higher than that of FTO/glass; however by increasing the overpotential, the number of active nucleation sites increases. The SEM micrographs as well as the XRD patterns reveal the formation of Fe-Pd alloy thin films with nanostructure arrangement and ultrafine grains.

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Electrochemical synthesis of compositionally modulated Fe Pd1− nanowires

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

In Situ Study the Electrochemical Migration of Tin under Unipolar Square Wave Electric Field

In Situ Study the Electrochemical Migration of Tin under Unipolar Square Wave Electric Field

Electrochemical Synthesis, Magnetic and Optical Characterisation of FePd Dense and Mesoporous Nanowires

Electrochemical Behavior of Nanostructured Fe-Pd Alloy During Electrodeposition on Different Substrates

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