Electrochemical synthesis of titanium oxycarbide in a CaCl2 based molten salt

Zhang, Linlin; Wang, Shubo; Jiao, Shuqiang; Huang, Kai; Zhu, Hongmin

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2012.05.013

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Based on the experimental results and the previous studies on the reaction mechanisms of the electrodeoxidation of SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , and Ta 2 O 5 in CaCl 2based molten salts, [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][44][45][46]48,[52][53][54][55]62 it is reasonable to deduce that the reaction mechanisms of the electrodeoxidation of the MO x /C precursors to MCs in molten CaCl 2 generally contain the chemical/electrochemical compounding, electrodeoxidation, and in situ carbonization processes. The chemical compounding process 25 (MO x + yCaO / Ca y MO (x+y) ) is commonly caused by the CaO presented in the molten CaCl 2 (without being pre-electrolyzed) due to the hydrolysis reaction, i.e., (CaCl 2 $(H 2 O) / CaO (Ca 2+ , O 2À ) + 2HCl).…”

Section: Reaction Mechanisms Of the Electrodeoxidation Processesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] In particular, the recently developed molten salt-based electrodeoxidation process known as the FFC Cambridge process has attracted tremendous research interest towards electrochemical production of metal/alloy/ composite powders from solid MO x precursors. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] In particular, the recently developed molten salt-based electrodeoxidation process known as the FFC Cambridge process has attracted tremendous research interest towards electrochemical production of metal/alloy/ composite powders from solid MO x precursors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid oxide membrane-assisted controllable electrolytic fabrication of metal carbides in molten salt

Zou

Zheng

et al. 2016

Faraday Discuss.

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Silicon carbide (SiC), titanium carbide (TiC), zirconium carbide (ZrC), and tantalum carbide (TaC) have been electrochemically produced directly from their corresponding stoichiometric metal oxides/carbon (MOx/C) precursors by electrodeoxidation in molten calcium chloride (CaCl2). An assembled yttria stabilized zirconia solid oxide membrane (SOM)-based anode was employed to control the electrodeoxidation process. The SOM-assisted controllable electrochemical process was carried out in molten CaCl2 at 1000 °C with a potential of 3.5 to 4.0 V. The reaction mechanism of the electrochemical production process and the characteristics of these produced metal carbides (MCs) were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses clearly identify that SiC, TiC, ZrC, and TaC carbides can be facilely fabricated. SiC carbide can be controlled to form a homogeneous nanowire structure, while the morphologies of TiC, ZrC, and TaC carbides exhibit porous nodular structures with micro/nanoscale particles. The complex chemical/electrochemical reaction processes including the compounding, electrodeoxidation, dissolution-electrodeposition, and in situ carbonization processes in molten CaCl2 are also discussed. The present results preliminarily demonstrate that the molten salt-based SOM-assisted electrodeoxidation process has the potential to be used for the facile and controllable electrodeoxidation of MOx/C precursors to micro/nanostructured MCs, which can potentially be used for various applications.

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Section: Reaction Mechanisms Of the Electrodeoxidation Processesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid oxide membrane-assisted controllable electrolytic fabrication of metal carbides in molten salt

Zou

Zheng

et al. 2016

Faraday Discuss.

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“…TiC x O y is a kind of solid solution of titanium carbide (TiC) and titanium monoxide (TiO), and a large amount of research has been conducted on the structure of TiC x O y [18]. It is reasonable for us to believe that TiC x O y must contain some vacancies at both Ti and C/O sites, as the Ti atoms occupy the 4a (0 0 0) sites, and C/O atoms randomly occupy the 4b (0.5 0.5 0.5) sites [19,20] powder, has proven to be an effective method to enhance the photocatalytic activity [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of heat treatment process on photocatalytic activity of photocatalyst TiO2/TiCxOy coatings during heat treatment in carbon powder

Guan

Hao

Yoshida

et al. 2016

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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Photocatalyst TiO 2 /TiC x O y coatings on alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) balls had been successfully fabricated by mechanical coating technique with titanium (Ti) powder and subsequent heat treatment in carbon powder. The influence of heat treatment conditions in carbon powder on the formed compounds, surface morphology and photocatalytic activity of photocatalyst TiO 2 /TiC x O y coatings was investigated. XRD results show that the compounds of TiC x O y and TiO 2 were formed on the surface of Ti coatings during heat treatment in carbon powder. The relative amounts of TiC x O y and TiO 2 remarkably varies with changing the heat treatment temperature and/or holding time. The formed nano-bump structure during heat treatment in carbon powder at 1073 or 1173 K, could increase the accessible surface area. The formation of Ti 3? and generated oxygen vacancies confirmed by XPS measurement, are in favor of narrowing band gap to enhance the visible-light photocatalytic activity of photocatalyst TiO 2 / TiC x O y coatings. The photocatalytic activity of the sample by heat treatment in carbon powder at 1173 K for 15 h shows highest. The fabrication strategy provides us a facile preparation procedure of visible-light responsive photocatalyst coatings.

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“…During electrolysis, low-valence titanium ions dissolve into the melt and are deposited as titanium at the cathode. [6][7][8][9][10] Efficiency and product quality are significantly increased in this process compared to those of the FFC process; however further studies are required for the large-scale preparation of anode materials and industrial scale-up.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Titanium from TiCl<sub>4</sub> in a Molten Fluoride-chloride Salt

Zhu

Qiu

Sun³

2017

Electrochemistry

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Titanium was prepared from TiCl 4 in molten NaCl-KCl-NaF salt. The product of the reaction of TiCl 4 with NaF was identified using X-ray diffraction, and its electrochemical behavior was studied using cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. The electrochemical deposition of titanium was investigated during the addition of TiCl 4 to NaClKCl-NaF melts. The results indicate that Na 2 TiF 6 was first obtained through the reaction of NaF with TiCl 4 in the NaFKCl-NaCl melt, and Na 2 TiF 6 was decomposed to Na + and [TiF 6 ] 2− in the melts. [TiF 6 ] 2− was then sequentially reduced to [TiF 6 ] 3− and Ti at the cathode, accompanied by chlorine gas emission at the anode and fluoride formation at the cathode.

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Electrochemical synthesis of titanium oxycarbide in a CaCl2 based molten salt

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

Solid oxide membrane-assisted controllable electrolytic fabrication of metal carbides in molten salt

Solid oxide membrane-assisted controllable electrolytic fabrication of metal carbides in molten salt

Influence of heat treatment process on photocatalytic activity of photocatalyst TiO2/TiCxOy coatings during heat treatment in carbon powder

Preparation of Titanium from TiCl<sub>4</sub> in a Molten Fluoride-chloride Salt

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