Electrochemically Inspired Copper(II) Complex on Disposable Graphite Pencil Electrode for Effective Simultaneous Detection of Hypoxanthine, Xanthine, and Uric Acid

Abstract

A facile electrochemical method was developed by in‐situ electrochemical complexation of Cu(II) ions with uric acid (UA), xanthine (XA) and hypoxanthine (HXA) on the disposable graphite pencil electrode (DGPE) surface for sensitive and selective simultaneous determination of UA, XA and HXA in phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.00±0.20). Raman Spectroscopy revealed the fluorescence nature of the corresponding Cu(II) – complexes of phosphate ions, UA, XA and HXA on DGPE while Density Function Theory (DFT) calculation was used to estimate their binding energies which are responsible for the enhanced peaks of UA, XA, and HXA as a result of their stronger interaction with copper atoms than phosphate ions. Square wave voltammetry was used in the analytical part. The calculated limits of detections were 14.42 nM, 5.04 nM and 4.93 nM for UA, XA and HXA, respectively. Potential interferences showed almost no significant effect on the peaks of UA, XA, and HXA, and the developed method was successfully utilized for simultaneous determination of the three analytes on human serum and urine with impressive percentage recovery.

Simple synthesis and photoelectric properties of Cu2Te nanotubes

“…Due to the special characteristics of copper telluride, it can adsorb biomolecules on the surface of the electrode sensor, thereby improving the electron transfer rate between the electrode surface and the analyte biomolecules. Subsequently, it can be used for the electrochemical determination of purine, especially uric acid (UA), xanthine (XA), and hypoxanthine (HX), 23 which has attracted great attention from researchers in the field of biomolecular sensors. 24 Kumaravel et al 25 successfully synthesized copper telluride nanochains and aggregates that can be used as an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which has good stability.…”

Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical properties of some biologically important indole-based-sulfonamide derivatives

“…Accordingly, the knowledge of the electrochemical oxidation of these compounds is helpful to understand their action mechanism as well as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic purposes in chemical and biological processes, if they find use as drugs [19]. The electrochemical techniques have been effectively applied to study the redox properties of several biologically important compounds [20,21]. As reported previously, the redox behavior of indole derivatives was investigated using various electrodes: pyrolytic carbon [22], glassy carbon [17,23], platinum [24], lead dioxide [25] boron-doped diamond [26,27], and other electrodes [28][29][30].…”