Electrochemiluminescence Sensor Based on Electrospun Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanofibers for the Detection of Difenidol Hydrochloride

Abstract

The detection of difenidol hydrochloride, which is a drug that is widely used for treating the nausea and vomiting symptoms caused by certain diseases, has been increasingly involved in cases of suicide via overdosing and of drug poisoning in children. A novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor for the simple and effective detection of difenidol hydrochloride was fabricated by modifying a glassy carbon electrode with three-dimensional carbon nanofibers (3D-CNFs). The 3D-CNFs were synthesized by electrospinning a mixture of montmorillonite (MMT) and polyacrylonitrile, carbonizing the electrospun product, and etching it with hydrofluoric acid. The form and structure of the 3D-CNFs was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman microspectroscopy. According to the experimental results obtained using the modified electrodes, a good linear relationship was found between peak intensity and difenidol concentration (y = 868.14x − 61.04, R2 = 0.999), with a relatively low detection limit (8.64 × 10−10 mol·L−1 (S/N = 3)). In addition, our approach exhibited good recovery values ranging from 98.99% to 102.28%. The proposed novel ECL sensor has wide application prospects for the detection of difenidol hydrochloride.

Carbon nanofiber-based three-dimensional nanomaterials for energy and environmental applications

“…For instance, Cheng et al demonstrated the synthesis of 3D CNFs by electrospinning a mixture of montmorillonite and PAN, carbonizing the electrospun PNFs, and subsequent acid etching. 36 Tiwari and co-workers presented the synthesis of a highly porous 3D CNF network anchored with Co NPs via combined electrospinning and subsequent post-treatments. 37 Therefore, the electrospinning production of 3D PNFs is the first step and the next step of calcination/carbonization is necessary for the fabrication of 3D CNFs by using the nanofibrous structure of PNFs and the numerous carbon resources of electrospun polymers.…”

Electrospun Nanofibers with High Specific Surface Area to Prepare Modified Electrodes for Electrochemiluminescence Detection of Azithromycin

“…When the excited state returns to the ground state [24][25][26], it produces luminescence. The specific reaction process is as shown in formulas ( 1)-( 5) as follows:…”

Interface matters - Effects of catalyst layer metallurgy on macroscale morphology and electrochemical performance of carbon nanofiber electrodes

“…CNFs can be grown using a variety of techniques, including electrospinning [8], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [9] and hot filament assisted sputtering [10]. Plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD) is a widely used method for growing vertically aligned CNFs (VACNFs) at relatively low temperatures.…”