Electrochemistry for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Isse, Abdirisak Ahmed; Gennaro, Armando

doi:10.1002/tcr.202100028

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…The concerted atom and electron transfer at the core of ATRP and ATRA motivated the attempts of triggering these processes by electrochemical means. Electrochemically mediated ATRP ( e ATRP) was developed in 2011 for the controlled polymerization of acrylates in organic solvents and then extended to several monomers and solvents, including aqueous systems . In contrast, reports on electrochemically triggered ATRA or ATRC reactions are scarce .…”

Section: Electrocatalysis In Atrpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: A Mechanistic Perspective

2022

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Since its inception, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has seen continuous evolution in terms of the design of the catalyst and reaction conditions; today, it is one of the most useful techniques to prepare well-defined polymers as well as one of the most notable examples of catalysis in polymer chemistry. This Perspective highlights fundamental advances in the design of ATRP reactions and catalysts, focusing on the crucial role that mechanistic studies play in understanding, rationalizing, and predicting polymerization outcomes. A critical summary of traditional ATRP systems is provided first; we then focus on the most recent developments to improve catalyst selectivity, control polymerizations via external stimuli, and employ new photochemical or dual catalytic systems with an outlook to future research directions and open challenges.

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Section: Electrocatalysis In Atrpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: A Mechanistic Perspective

2022

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“…Electrochemistry is a powerful tool to characterize the properties of Cu complexes, due to the redox nature of ATRP catalytic processes. [117,118] Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is one of the most popular potentiodynamic methods to investigate the reduction and oxidation processes of molecules in solution. In a typical CV measurement, the potential of the working electrode is ramped in the opposite direction after a preset potential is reached.…”

Section: Electrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cu‐Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: The Effect of Cocatalysts

Sun

Szczepaniak

Dadashi‐Silab

et al. 2022

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is one of the most powerful methods to prepare well-defined (co)polymers. Cu-catalyzed ATRP methods are most commonly used because of the excellent control and tunable catalytic activities via ligand functionalization. This minireview summarizes the development of Cu-catalyzed ATRP in the presence of cocatalysts, which are used to regenerate Cu I complex activators during polymerizations. Fundamentals of Cu-based ATRP catalysts are first introduced, followed by the discussion of different types of cocatalysts in different Cu-catalyzed ATRP methods. Recent developments of photochemical cocatalysts for oxygen-tolerant ATRP and ATRP using long-wavelength irradiation are highlighted, which significantly expand the applications of Cu-catalyzed ATRP. Methods to study the properties of cocatalysts and their roles in Cu-catalyzed ATRP are discussed, with an outlook for the future development of cocatalysts.

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“…The development of anionic [1][2][3] as well as radical polymerization [4][5][6][7][8] has enabled the fabrication of a wide range of various polymeric materials. However, in contrast to the remarkable progress of radical polymerization, the progress of anionic polymerization is suffering from the lack of a variety of initiator systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%