Electrochemistry in the gas phase.  Use of ultramicroelectrodes for the analysis of electroactive species in gas mixtures

Ghoroghchian, Jamal; Sarfarazi, Fereshteh; Dibble, Timothy.; Cassidy, John; Smith, J. J.; Russell, Andrea E.; Dunmore, Gordon.; Fleischmann, M.; Pons, Stanley

doi:10.1021/ac00124a035

Cited by 82 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Among the first illustrations of such experiment were the development of voltammograms in a frozen eutectic mixture [77] and the amperometric measurement of gas phase species with the use of a cell in which an indicator electrode of ca. 1 mm diameter was separated from an auxiliary/ quasi-reference electrode by a ring of glass or epoxy [78].…”

Section: Examples Of Systems Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Application of electrochemical methods to analytical sensing of gaseous analytes in the absence of either liquid electrolyte phase or a wicking system to maintain the water content of an otherwise solid electrolyte was first considered in the mid-1980's. A change of current response to species in the gas phase was accomplished using a pair of ultramicroelectrodes with a thin film of glass and epoxy as a separator [78]. The current probably resulted from a change of ohmic resistance of the separator rather than a faradaic process.…”

Section: Examples Of Systems Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Solid-State Voltammetry — Analytical Prospects

Kulesza¹,

Cox

1998

Electroanalysis

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The present review discusses some current issues related to the principles and analytical aspects of electrochemical studies (typically done at room temperature) of solid, rigid or semirigid (nonfluid) systems in the absence of a liquid solution phase. Representative examples include redox and conducting organic polymers, melts and solid solutions of redox centers in solid ionic conductors, mixed-valence polynuclear inorganic materials, transition metal salts, oxides, and zeolites. The emphasis is on the elements of dynamics for the efficient delivery of charge and on reactivity of the 'redox conducting' materials. The effective (apparent) diffusional mechanism is critical to the success of most analytical measurements in solidstate. Also described are typical electrochemical cells and experimental tactics to overcome the relatively slow dynamics of transport in solid (nonfluid) systems. Application of microdimensional electrodes leads to an improvement in the quality of solid-state electrochemical data and provides new diagnostic and analytical possibilities. Results of mechanistic studies, which are relevant to the development of novel analytical methods, together with trends towards possible future applications also are discussed.

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Section: Examples Of Systems Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Examples Of Systems Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-State Voltammetry — Analytical Prospects

Kulesza¹,

Cox

1998

Electroanalysis

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“…Electroanalysis in highly non-polar solvents that do not solubulise organic electrolytes can be achieved using microelectrodes that minimise solution resistance problems such as 'Ohmic-drop' by virtue of their micrometre dimensions [97][98][99]. Such electrodes exhibit excellent mass-diffusion properties and have also successfully been used in biosensor applications [100] and in gaseous systems [101].…”

Section: Electrochemistry In the Organic-phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Organic phase immunosensors

Setford¹,

Kröger²,

Turner³

1999

Analusis

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Many analytical methods involving non-polar analytes require solvent extraction prior to measurement. The analysis procedure is greatly simplified if the method is able to function effectively in the more non-polar solvent extract. This consideration, coupled with the increasing need for simple, specific and rapid diagnostic and screening tools, has focused interest in the development of organic-phase immunosensors.

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“…Eine wesentlich elegantere Technik, rnit der Breiten im unteren nm-Bereich realisiert werden konnen, beAbb. 28. Rasterelektronenmikroskopische Aufnahme einer Koblcfaserspitze (Pitchlaser P 100, Union Carbide), die in Silicongummi eingestochen war und anschlieOend verkupfert wurde; es handelt sich urn einen Modellvcrsuch, der aeigen sollte.…”

Section: Konstruktion Von Ultramikroelektrodenunclassified

Elektrochemie mit Ultramikroelektroden

Heınze

1993

Angewandte Chemie

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Nach den grundlegenden Entwicklungen elektrochemischer Methoden in den fiinfziger und sechziger Jahren, die unter anderem die Voltammetrie und Kleinsignaltechniken betrafen, zeichnen sich rnit der Entdeckung der ungewohnlichen Eigenschaften von Ultramikroelektroden wieder neue Perspektiven zur Analyse von Elektrodenprozessen ab. Die bislang wenig beachtete Tatsache, daD an extrem kleinen Elektroden aufgrund veranderter Massentransportbedingungen aul3erordentlich hohe Stromdichten auftreten, die Strome selbst aber sehr klein werden, fiihrt zu einer Fiille von elektroanalytischen Anwendungen, die rnit konventionellen Elektroden nicht moglich sind. Besonders hervorzuheben sind Experimente in nahezu elektrolytfreien Losungen, in unpolaren Losungsmitteln, im Festkorper und sogar in der Gasphase. Die bei kleinen Vorschubgeschwindigkeiten durch die GroRe der Elektrode veranderte MeDzeitskala und komplementar hierzu die geringen iR-Effekte bei sehr hohen Vorschubgeschwindigkeiten ermoglichen zudem die Untersuchung sehr schneller homogener und heterogener Elektrodenprozesse.

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Electrochemistry in the gas phase. Use of ultramicroelectrodes for the analysis of electroactive species in gas mixtures

Cited by 82 publications

References 12 publications

Solid-State Voltammetry — Analytical Prospects

Solid-State Voltammetry — Analytical Prospects

Organic phase immunosensors

Elektrochemie mit Ultramikroelektroden

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