Electrochemistry: Modified Electrodes and their Potentialities

Abstract

Electrochemical sensors are analytical tools that offer great portability, ease automation, miniaturization capability, and low cost compared to other analytical techniques and methods. For those reasons, there is a growing search for these electrodes to obtain better analysis conditions. This advance is reflected in new patents and articles, which were intensified mainly with the arising of chemically modified electrodes and self-sufficient equipment. Besides, this study brings together and discusses the main aspects of electrochemical methods, the development of electrodes and their modifiers, as well as the perspectives for these electroanalytical tools. Os sensores eletroquímicos são ferramentas de análise que oferecem maior portabilidade, facilidade de automação, capacidade de miniaturização e baixo custo em relação a outras técnicas e métodos analíticos. Por essas razões, existe uma crescente busca pelo desenvolvimento desses eletrodos a fim de se obter melhores condições de análise. Esse avanço reflete em novas patentes e artigos que se intensificaram, principalmente com o surgimento dos eletrodos quimicamente modificados e equipamentos autossuficientes. Em suma, esse estudo reúne e discute aspectos fundamentais concernentes aos métodos eletroquímicos, o avanço no desenvolvimento dos eletrodos e seus modificantes, além das perspectivas para essas ferramentas eletroanalíticas.

Reduced Graphene Oxide‐based Sensor for 17α‐Ehinylestradiol Voltammetric Determination in Wastewater, Tablets and Synthetic Urine Samples

“…In addition to this factor, 17α‐ethinylestradiol is the most persistent of the estrogens, the least soluble in water at pH 4.0 and 7.0, while the solubility of estrogens is increased at pH 10.0. It has a half‐life in water of approximately 17 days and a low photodegradation rate [4, 8] and in relation to the ecotoxicological effects on water bodies, the studies carried out demonstrate a limit of 35.0 pg L −1 for EE2 in water bodies [4].…”