Electrochromic biosensors based on screen-printed Prussian Blue electrodes

Abstract

Highlights We present the production of an electrochromic screen-printable paste based on Prussian Blue. These blue electrodes display excellent spectroelectrochemical reversibility and high catalytic activity towards the reduction of H2O2.  These blue electrodes enable both the electrochemical and optical quantitative determination of hydrogen peroxide.  The reported blue electrodes are highly suitable transducers for the construction of oxidase-based biosensors.  A glucose biosensor is presented to demonstrate the spectroelectrochemical capabilities of these new electrodes. AbstractPrussian Blue (PB)-modified graphite screen-printed electrodes are increasingly being used in electrochemical biosensors. However, they do not allow the observation of the electrochromism of PB. This work presents the construction of PB-based, electrochromic screen-printed biosensors. Although electrically more resistive than their graphite counterparts, these new PBbased electrodes enable both the amperometric and colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide.This is the first time that this has been achieved using screen-printed electrodes, and we demonstrate it spectroelectrochemically on a glucose biosensor. The biosensor electrochemical performance equals that of previously reported PB/graphite electrodes, being able to detect down to 4 µM H2O2 and 54 µM glucose. At the same time, and in contrast to PB/graphite electrodes, the new PB-based electrodes afford the optical detection of these two analytes down to 1.2 µM and 15 µM, respectively. The dynamic ranges of the glucose biosensors obtained at the PBbased electrodes are 0.1-1 mM (amperometric) and 0.025-2.5 mM (Colorimetric), matching the physiological glucose concentration range in body fluids other than blood or serum.

Voltammetric Determination of Phenylalanine Using Chemically Modified Screen-Printed Based Sensors

“…These results correspond to those obtained when using other voltammetric sensors for the indirect detection of electroinactive compounds [39,43,44,47,48,50].…”

“…Cobalt Phthalocyanine, an organic semiconductor ensuring sensor stability and sensitivity is another modifier used in the development of CMEs [44][45][46][47]. Due to its chemical composition, Prussian Blue has very good electrochemical properties, being most frequently used in the manufacture of electrochemical (bio)sensors detecting hydrogen peroxide [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. These electroactive materials could be used for the development of novel electrochemical sensors for different analysts of great importance such is Phe.…”

Screen‐printable Electrochromic Polymer Inks and Ion Gel Electrolytes for the Design of Low‐power, Flexible Electrochromic Devices

“…This method has been widely used for the construction of printed and patterned conjugated polymers for solar cells and light‐emitting diodes . In line with previous reports , we propose the use of carrier conductive metal oxide particles dispersed in a resin binder, with the novelty of incorporating the ECP‐Magenta polymer as the electrochromic coating. We have investigated the use of antimony‐doped tin oxide microparticles (ATO/TiO 2 ) as a conducting light‐coloured material for use in spectroelectrochemistry .…”

Microneedle‐based transdermal electrochemical biosensors based on Prussian blue‐gold nanohybrid modified screen‐printed electrodes

“…An earlier study demonstrated the fabrication of electrochromic biosensors based on a screen printed electrode for both colorimetric and amperometric sensing (Aller‐Pellitero et al, 2019) The PB modified screen printed electrode was prepared using a screen printable paste, which was made from a chemically synthesized PB nanocomposite. Indium tin oxide or Sb‐doped SnO 2 (ATO) particles and chemically synthesized Prussian blue obtained from the co‐precipitation of two precursors were mixed with binder to make the screen printable PB paste.…”