Electrochromic properties of vanadium oxide thin films prepared by PSPT: Effect of substrate temperature

Abstract

Effect of preparation conditions on the morphology and electrochromic properties of amorphous tungsten oxide films J.The influence of substrate temperature on the optical properties of ion-assisted reactively evaporated vanadium oxide thin films Abstract. Electrochromic vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ) thin films were deposited onto glass and fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates from methanolic vanadium chloride solution by pulsed spray pyrolysis technique (PSPT). The films were synthesized at different substrate temperatures ranging from 350°C-450°C with a temperature step of 50°C. The structural, morphological, optical and electrochromic properties of the synthesized films were investigated. The films were polycrystalline with tetragonal crystal structure. Scanning electron microscopy reveals compact morphology at high temperature. All films exhibited cathodic electrochromism in lithium containing electrolyte (0.5 M LiClO 4 + Propylene Carbonate). Maximum coloration efficiency (CE) 15.16 cm 2 C -1 , was observed for the films deposited at 350°C.

Film Deposition of Electrochromic Metal Oxides through Spray Coating: A Descriptive Review

“…A. Bouzidi et al, who pyrolytically sprayed V 2 O 5 layers at 250 • C from vanadium trichloride VCl 3 aqueous solutions [161], and C. Mathieu et al, who could lower the deposition temperature to 150 • C from similar precursor fluids [162]. P. Patil and co-workers followed with new protocols [163][164][165][166] mainly involving VCl 3 methanolic solutions sprayed between 300 and 450 • C (potentially with further annealing at 400 • C for 2 h), obtaining ~120 nm thick layers with up to 20% of VIS ∆T between clear (oxidized) and dark (reduced) states and a CE of 10 to 15 cm 2 /C [163]. The same group then developed ~300 nm thick mixed layers of V 2 O 5 and MoO 3 [164] or WO 3 [166] being (pulsed) spray pyrolyzed at 400 • C from VCl 3 solutions, leading to VIS contrasts of 7 to 25%, switching times of ~10 s, and CE values of 15 to 35 cm 2 /C (V 2 O 5 -MoO 3 ) or 49 cm 2 /C (V 2 O 5 -WO 3 ), being stable up to 1000 cycles (Figure 14).…”

Revisit to Henry reaction by non conventional heterogeneous and efficient catalyst for nitroalcohol synthesis

“…In continuation of our research work concerning the development of natural catalysts for organic transformations [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], herein, we report an efficient synthesis of 2-nitro alcohols catalysed by CES-catalyst as natural base catalyst at ambient temperature using the environmentally benign EtOH: water (1:1) solvent system. CEScatalyst obtained from chicken eggshells contains calcium carbonate 85-95% along with 1.4% magnesium carbonate, 0.76% calcium phosphate, 4% organic matter and trace amount of Na, K, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu [33].…”