Electrochromic smart windows

Sol-gel processed nanostructured CeO2–TiO2 thin films for electrochromic applications

“…The higher degree of porosity in CT-2 films as established from the refractive index values and evidenced from the microstructural study also explain their better Li ion insertion capability. For dipcoated films, Macedo et al [6] and Baudry et al [7] have determined ISC values of 1 and 10 mC cm À 2 respectively for the Ce/Ti films derived using ceric ammonium nitrate. The ISC obtained in the present investigation for the same film is higher (15.26 mC cm À 2 ) due to different process (spin coating) employed for the fabrication of the films.…”

Influence of aging and composition of the precursor sol on the properties of CeO2–TiO2 thin films for electrochromic applications

“…This observation conforms to the SEM results and is indicative of the influence of increased number of grain boundaries on the ISC of the films. Macedo et al [19] have shown that the maximum charge density is observed for a film deposited from the sol aged for 30 h and have suggested the reduction of Ce 4+ to Ce 3+ with the aging of the sol. The ISC value attained by Macedo et al is less than 1 mC cm À2 .…”

Sol-gel chromogenic materials and devices

“…Similar results have been obtained substituting the polymer electrolyte by a cellulose polyacetate polymer, a proton conductor. Its kinetics were faster but the window lifetime was shorter due to corrosion problems at the WOs coating by the acid (protonic) conductor [46,50,161]. Sol-gel TiO2 protonic conductors similar to that proposed by Judeinstein et al The first window does not present any coloration (see Sect.…”

“…9. Optical transmission of the system glass/ITO/CeO2-TiO2(sg) ( ) before Li + insertion, (---) after Li + insertion [44,46,47] Much better results have been reported by Orel and Orel [41] using sols made with the same precursor Ce(NH4)z(NO3)6. In this method precipates have been obtained by addition of NH4OH at pH = 9.…”

“…These compounds have similar (but better) electrochemical properties than pure CeO2. Their preparation was first reported by Baudry et al [43] and a series of other papers [44][45][46][47][48]. The sols have been prepared by dissolving cerium amonium nitrate, Ce(NH4)2(NOa)6, and titanium isopropoxide in ethanol, isopropanol or 2 methoxy-ethanol.…”