Electrochromic windows based on polyaniline, tungsten oxide and gel electrolytes

Panero, S.; Scrosati, B.; Baret, Monique; Cecchini, Barbara; Masetti, Enrico

doi:10.1016/0927-0248(95)00042-9

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…PMMA consists of amorphous phase and flexible backbone results in high ionic conductivity. Indeed PMMA is of special interest in electrochromic applications because it provides a high transparency, excellent environmental stability, good gelatinizing properties, high solvent retention ability and excellent compatibility with the liquid electrolytes 171–177. In particular, it is easier for handling and processing.…”

Section: Polymers As Novel Electrolytes In Electrochromic Applicatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Materials and Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochromic Device Applications

et al. 2012

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Electrochromic (EC) materials and polymer electrolytes are the most imperative and active components in an electrochromic device (ECD). EC materials are able to reversibly change their light absorption properties in a certain wavelength range via redox reactions stimulated by low direct current (dc) potentials of the order of a fraction of volts to a few volts. The redox switching may result in a change in color of the EC materials owing to the generation of new or changes in absorption band in visible region, infrared or even microwave region. In ECDs the electrochromic layers need to be incorporated with supportive components such as electrical contacts and ion conducting electrolytes. The electrolytes play an indispensable role as the prime ionic conduction medium between the electrodes of the EC materials. The expected applications of the electrochromism in numerous fields such as reflective-type display and smart windows/mirrors make these materials of prime importance. In this article we have reviewed several examples from our research work as well as from other researchers' work, describing the recent advancements on the materials that exhibit visible electrochromism and polymer electrolytes for electrochromic devices. The first part of the review is centered on nanostructured inorganic and conjugated polymer-based organic-inorganic hybrid EC materials. The emphasis has been to correlate the structures, morphologies and interfacial interactions of the EC materials to their electronic and ionic properties that influence the EC properties with unique advantages. The second part illustrates the perspectives of polymer electrolytes in electrochromic applications with emphasis on poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) based polymer electrolytes. The requirements and approaches to optimize the formulation of electrolytes for feasible electrochromic devices have been delineated.

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Section: Polymers As Novel Electrolytes In Electrochromic Applicatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Materials and Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochromic Device Applications

et al. 2012

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“…For example, low-band-gap polymers with absorption bands in the near-infrared region can be obtained by maximizing the π-electron delocalization within the conjugated polymer backbone through aromatic and quinoid type structures adopting coplanar conformations between the polymer's consecutive repeating units. 2a-c,3a Common examples are the classical conducting polymers 4 such as polyaniline, [5][6][7] polythiophenes, 8,9 and polypyrroles. 10 Another strategy employed in designing polymeric structures with desired electronic properties involves the synthesis of the donor-acceptor (D-A) type polymers in which the A and D units are strong electron-withdrawing (A) and electron-donating (D) moieties, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Electrochromic Polymer Obtained from the Electropolymerization of a 9,9'-Spirobifluorene-Bridged Donor−Acceptor (D−A) Bichromophore System

et al. 2006

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The synthesis and photophysical, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical characterization of a novel donor-acceptor (D-A) bichromophore system composed of two D-A segments linking through a spiro center are reported. The electron-donating (D) moieties are triphenylamine (TPA) groups, whereas the electron-withdrawing (A) moieties are cyano groups. The particular "spiro" configuration that perpendicularly bonds the D-A chromophores by a tetrahedral carbon, impedes orbital interactions between the branches. Thus, the two TPA substituents act independently, rendering an efficient electropolymerization process feasible. The polymer film obtained showed reversible electrochemical oxidation accompanied by strong color changes with high coloration efficiency and contrast ratio, which can be switched by potential modulation. The remarkable electrochromic behavior of the film is clearly interpreted on the basis of spectroelectrochemical studies. A plausible polymerization mechanism involved with the TPA dimerization reaction is proposed for the electropolymerization process.

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“…Consecutive A/D arrangements permit a high degree of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) within the conjugated framework of the polymers. , This intramolecular charge transfer produces a successive zwitterion-like interaction with a high double-bond character between the repeat units. Common examples of polymers used in polymeric electrochromic devices include polyaniline, − polythiophenes, , and polypyrroles …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastic Electrochromic Devices: Electrochemical Characterization and Device Properties of a Phenothiazine-Phenylquinoline Donor−Acceptor Polymer

2003

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We describe the morphological, electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical characterization, and electrochromic device properties of films of poly(2,2′-[10-methyl-3,7-phenothiazylene]-6,6′-bis[4-phenylquinoline]) (PPTZPQ). Cyclic voltammograms of PPTZPQ polymer films showed reversible electrochemical oxidation accompanied with a color change that was switchable as a function of the potential. However, the reduction behavior of PPTZPQ was unstable and caused a loss of the electrochromic effect. The spectroelectrochemical behavior of PPTZPQ was interpreted as the combination of the properties of the constituent donor and acceptor moieties. Two PPTZPQ solid-state electrochromic devices were constructed using indium tin oxide (ITO) deposited on polyester and poly(ethylene oxide) as a polymeric electrolyte. The electrochromic active materials were PPTZPQ as the primary electrode and ladder poly(benzobisimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL) or vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) as the secondary electrode. The PPTZPQ-BBL and PPTZPQ-V 2 O 5 devices showed black-red and yellow-red color changes, respectively, during potential cycling.

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Electrochromic windows based on polyaniline, tungsten oxide and gel electrolytes

Cited by 34 publications

References 8 publications

Hybrid Materials and Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochromic Device Applications

Hybrid Materials and Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochromic Device Applications

Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Electrochromic Polymer Obtained from the Electropolymerization of a 9,9'-Spirobifluorene-Bridged Donor−Acceptor (D−A) Bichromophore System

Plastic Electrochromic Devices: Electrochemical Characterization and Device Properties of a Phenothiazine-Phenylquinoline Donor−Acceptor Polymer

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