Electrocoagulation as an Eco-Friendly River Water Treatment Method

Hashim, Khalid S.; Alkhaddar, Rafid; Shaw, Andy; Kot, Patryk; Al‐Jumeily, Dhiya; Alwash, Reham; Aljefery, Mohammed Hashim

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8181-2_17

Cited by 51 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Uptake qe (2) where and are the initial and equilibrium concentrations of Cd +2 (mg/L), respectively, m represents the mass of adsorbents (g), and V is the volume of solution (mL).…”

Section: Characterization Of the Coated Chicken Bone Particles Using mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The availability of freshwater is a major concern currently due to the increase in the production of wastewater, including that from municipal, agricultural and industrial sources, and because of the rapid increase in the global population and its associated demand for a significant amount of freshwater to meet daily needs [1][2][3]. The production rate of wastewater has increased due to the substantial rise in industrial output [4][5][6], while increasing water demand and climate change have limited the availability of freshwater [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of Cadmium from Contaminated Water Using Coated Chicken Bones with Double-Layer Hydroxide (Mg/Fe-LDH)

Alquzweeni

Alkizwini

2020

Water

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Occurrence of heavy metals in freshwater sources is a grave concern due to their severe impacts on public health and aquatic life. Cadmium (Cd2+) is one of the most dangerous heavy metals, and can cause serious diseases even at low concentrations. Hence, a wide range of treatment technologies exist, such as nanofiltration and biological reactors. In this context, the present investigation aims at the development of a new adsorption medium, made from chicken bones coated with iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) hydroxides, to remove cadmium from water. This novel chicken bone functional substance was manufactured by applying layered double hydroxides (LDH) into the chicken bones. Initially, the new adsorption medium was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR technology), then it was applied to remove cadmium from water under different conditions, including pH of water (3–7.5), agitation speed (50–200 rpm), adsorbent dose (1–20 g per 100 mL), and contact time (30–120 min). Additionally, the reaction kinetics were studied using a pseudo-first order kinetic model. The results obtained from the present study proved that the new adsorption medium removed 97% of cadmium after 120 min at an agitation speed of 150 rpm, pH of 5, and adsorption dose of 10 g per 100 mL. The results also showed that the new adsorption medium contains a significant number of functional groups, including hydroxyl groups. According to the outcomes of the kinetic study, the mechanism of removing metal is attributed to surface precipitation, ion exchange, complexation, hydrogen binding between pollutants, and the LDH-chicken bone substance.

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“…Uptake qe (2) where and are the initial and equilibrium concentrations of Cd +2 (mg/L), respectively, m represents the mass of adsorbents (g), and V is the volume of solution (mL).…”

Section: Characterization Of the Coated Chicken Bone Particles Using mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Cadmium from Contaminated Water Using Coated Chicken Bones with Double-Layer Hydroxide (Mg/Fe-LDH)

Alquzweeni

Alkizwini

2020

Water

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“…Accordingly, efficient and affordable technology for the treatment of this type of wastewater is highly expected. Among the various wastewater treatment methods, the electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF) process has been worked well as a conventional emerging technology based on complex mechanisms, to reduce different organic substances and organic dyes from wastewater due to its environmentally friendly and economically attractive merits [18][19][20]. According to the literature, this process has many potential benefits such as no production of secondary pollutants, no need for chemical additives, less production of sludge and lower energy consumption leading to reductions in operating costs [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simultaneously, hydroxide (OH -) ions and hydrogen (H 2 ) gas are produced at the cathode electrode surface [36,37]. The selection of suitable metallic electrodes depends on critical parameters such as material accessibility, cost-effectiveness, oxidation potential, and target pollutant properties [18,38]. The literature shows that aluminum is a very effective and efficient electrode at removing different pollutants under different operating conditions [23,39,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The treatment of printing and packaging wastewater by electrocoagulation– flotation: the simultaneous efficacy of critical parameters and economics

Emamjomeh¹,

Kakavand²,

Jamali³

et al. 2020

Desalination and Water Treatment

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In this work, electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF) following sedimentation was applied as a printing and packaging wastewater treatment using four Al electrodes with a parallel monopolar configuration. A sedimentation process was applied after the ECF as a post-treatment phase to remove large pollutants. The simultaneous efficacy of the operating parameters initial color content (1,843.44-12,156.56 ADMI), initial pH (3.56-10.44), current density (6.02-22.18 mA/cm 2), and treatment time (5.62-74.38 min) on color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies were evaluated alongside processing costs. Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) optimized these key parameters to achieve the highest removal efficiencies and lowest operating costs. Based on the results analyzed by RSM-CCD, using initial color content of 5,576.38 ADMI, initial pH of 7.29, the current density of 18.49 mA/cm 2 , and treatment time of 59.76 min as optimum operational conditions can result in 97.8% and 92.1% for color and COD removal efficiencies, respectively. At these optimum conditions, operating costs (OPCs), including electrodes material and energy consumption, were 0.07 US$/(kg color removed) and 0.4 US$/(kg COD removed). The results confirm ECF-sedimentation as a promising and costeffective tool for the treatment of printing and packaging wastewater.

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“…It should be noted that there are other environmentally friendly methods for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions, such as electrocoagulation, which is suitable for the treatment of river water or the removal of iron from drinking water. In this technique, pollutant removal is done without adding chemicals, which is why it greatly reduces the sludge produced and consequently reduces the cost of sludge handling [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Removal of Residual Concentration of Hazardous Metals in Wastewater from a Neutralization Station Using Biosorbent—A Case Study Company Gutra, Czech Republic

Pertile

Václavík

Dvorský

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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This article deals with the possibility of using a biosorbent in the form of a mixture of cones from coniferous trees to remove the residual concentration of hazardous metals contained in hazardous waste, which is disposed of in a neutralization station. The efficiency of the tested biosorbent in removing Ni, Zn, Cu, and Fe was monitored here. Laboratory research was carried out before the actual testing of the biosorbent directly in the operation of the neutralization station. With regard to the planned use of the biosorbent in the operational test, the laboratory experiments were performed in a batch mode and for the most problematic metals (Ni and Zn). The laboratory tests with real wastewater have shown that the biosorbent can be used to remove hazardous metals. Under the given conditions, 96% of Ni and 19% of Zn were removed after 20 min when using NaOH activated biosorbent with the concentration of 0.1 mol L−1. The inactivated biosorbent removed 93% of Ni and 31% of Zn. The tested biosorbent was also successful during the operational tests. The inactivated biosorbent was applied due to the financial costs. It was used for the pre-treatment of hazardous waste in a preparation tank, where a significant reduction in the concentration of hazardous metals occurred, but the values of Ni, Cu, and Zn still failed to meet the emission limits. After 72 h, we measured 10 mg L−1 from the original 4,056 mg L−1 of Ni, 1 mg L−1 from the original 2,252 mg L−1 of Cu, 1 mg L−1 from the original 4,020 mg L–1 of Zn, and 7 mg L−1 from the original 1,853 mg L−1 of Fe. However, even after neutralization, the treated water did not meet the emission limits for discharging into the sewer system. The biosorbent was, therefore, used in the filtration unit as well, which was placed in front of the Parshall flume. After passing through the filtration unit, the concentrations of all the monitored parameters were reduced to a minimum, and the values met the prescribed emission limits. The biosorbent was further used to thicken the residual sludge in the waste pre-treatment tank, which contributed to a significant reduction in the overall cost of disposing of residual hazardous waste. This waste was converted from liquid to solid-state.

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Electrocoagulation as an Eco-Friendly River Water Treatment Method

Cited by 51 publications

References 91 publications

Removal of Cadmium from Contaminated Water Using Coated Chicken Bones with Double-Layer Hydroxide (Mg/Fe-LDH)

Removal of Cadmium from Contaminated Water Using Coated Chicken Bones with Double-Layer Hydroxide (Mg/Fe-LDH)

The treatment of printing and packaging wastewater by electrocoagulation– flotation: the simultaneous efficacy of critical parameters and economics

The Removal of Residual Concentration of Hazardous Metals in Wastewater from a Neutralization Station Using Biosorbent—A Case Study Company Gutra, Czech Republic

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