Electrocondensation and evaporation of attoliter water droplets: Direct visualization using atomic force microscopy

Kurra, Narendra; Scott, Anthony

doi:10.1007/s12274-010-1034-0

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The water meniscus formation is possible between a hydrophilic tip and a hydrophobic surface even at a relative humidity of 10%, giving rise to a lift-off force of 15 nN [30]. However, a biased AFM tip can enhance the condensation of water at the tipsubstrate interface due to electrostatic attraction of polarized water molecules, a process often referred to as field enhanced water condensation [31,32]. As a result, the biased AFM tip can experience two attractive forces, electrostatic and capillary.…”

Section: Tip-substrate Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge storage in mesoscopic graphitic islands fabricated using AFM bias lithography

et al. 2011

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Electrochemical oxidation and etching of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) has been achieved using biased atomic force microscopy (AFM) lithography, allowing patterns of varying complexity to be written into the top layers of HOPG. The graphitic oxidation process and the trench geometry after writing were monitored using intermittent contact mode AFM. Electrostatic force microscopy reveals that the isolated mesoscopic islands formed during the AFM lithography process become positively charged, suggesting that they are laterally isolated from the surrounding HOPG substrate. The electrical transport studies of these laterally isolated finite-layer graphitic islands enable detailed characterization of electrical conduction along the c-direction and reveal an unexpected stability of the charged state. Utilizing conducting-atomic force microscopy, the measured I(V) characteristics revealed significant non-linearities. Micro-Raman studies confirm the presence of oxy functional groups formed during the lithography process.

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Section: Tip-substrate Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge storage in mesoscopic graphitic islands fabricated using AFM bias lithography

et al. 2011

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“…It was reported that attoliter (10 −18 L) water droplet was evaporated with a tip bias of −10 V after 24 min. 33 The droplet evaporation in this case was caused by an ionic current and Joule heating induced by the bias applied on two conductive electrodes. However, in our experiment, again, there is no apparent current flow because of the insulative substrate during the drying by the graphene pad.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Water Harvesting and Nonthermal Drying in Humid Air by N-Doped Graphene Micropads

et al. 2019

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We demonstrate a novel nanotextured graphene micropad that can rapidly harvest water from air to generate microscale water droplets with the desired size in designated positions on demand by simply applying a negative electric bias of −1.5 to −15 V. More interestingly, the water droplets can be reversibly dried nonthermally with the pad at ambient temperature in humid air (∼85% RH) by applying a positive electric bias of +1.5 to +15 V. The harvesting and drying rates on the glass are 2.7 and 1.5 μm3/s under biases of −15 and +15 V, respectively, but no apparent harvesting or drying activities are observed without the bias. The energy consumption is minimal as there is no Joule current due to the insulative substrate. It is shown that substrate wettability and ions play an important role in enabling the fast water harvesting and nonthermal drying. Molecular modeling is developed to understand the harvesting and drying mechanisms at the atomic scale. The water harvesting/drying approach may be useful for many technological applications such as micro/nanolithography, 3D printing, MEMS, and biochemical and microfluid devices.

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“…The interpretation of such shapes would require a more complicated analysis tool than grain analysis functions . The colour variations of EFM images may be attributed to the number of electric domains present in the arbitrary location and to the colour contrast designates, which the charges are accumulated to on the surface of Cd(Zn, S)Se thin films …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cd(Zn, S)Se quaternary thin films for electrochemical photovoltaic cell application

et al. 2020

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Summary In this study, Cd1−xZnxSySe1−y (0 ≤ x = y ≤ 0.35) photoelectrodes are deposited via inexpensive facile chemical bath deposition. The effects of Zn and S doping on the compositional, microstructural, electrical, and optical properties of thin films were analysed. The electrochemical photovoltaic (EPV) cell of configuration Cd1−xZnxSySe1−y/0.25M sulfide/polysulfide/C was assembled to examine the different performance parameters in light and in dark conditions. An EPV cell fabricated with the Cd1−xZnxSySe1−y (0 ≤ x = y ≤ 0.075) photoelectrode exhibited a maximum photoconversion efficiency of 3.18%. This performance can be attributed primarily to the enhanced light‐absorption ability of the material because of the enhanced rough microstructure and low recombination of photo‐injected electrons with the electrolyte. The photovoltaic (PV) performance is significantly enhanced after doping CdSe with Zn and S.

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Electrocondensation and evaporation of attoliter water droplets: Direct visualization using atomic force microscopy

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Charge storage in mesoscopic graphitic islands fabricated using AFM bias lithography

Charge storage in mesoscopic graphitic islands fabricated using AFM bias lithography

Rapid Water Harvesting and Nonthermal Drying in Humid Air by N-Doped Graphene Micropads

Cd(Zn, S)Se quaternary thin films for electrochemical photovoltaic cell application

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