Electroconvulsive therapy—a shocking inducer of neuroplasticity?

Tartt, Alexandria; Hen, René; Mann, J. John; Boldrini, Maura

doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02015-0

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The hippocampus is closely intertwined with brain regions implicated in emotion, such as the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex, and plays a fundamental role in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. It is crucial for emotional regulation and for understanding the development of depression (Schumacher et al, 2018;Tartt et al, 2022). Under normal physiological conditions, at least two parts of the adult mammalian brain exhibit sustained neurogenesis.…”

Section: Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis: pharmacological mechanisms of antidepressant active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine

Lv,

Zhang,

Huang

et al. 2023

Front. Pharmacol.

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Depression is characterized by prominent indicators and manifestations, such as anhedonia, which refers to the inability to experience pleasure, and persistent feelings of hopelessness. In clinical practice, the primary treatment approach involves the utilization of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and related pharmacological interventions. Nevertheless, it is crucial to recognize that these agents are associated with significant adverse effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) adopts a multifaceted approach, targeting diverse components, multiple targets, and various channels of action. TCM has potential antidepressant effects. Anomalies in adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) constitute a pivotal factor in the pathology of depression, with the regulation of AHN emerging as a potential key measure to intervene in the pathogenesis and progression of this condition. This comprehensive review presented an overview of the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of active ingredients found in TCM. Through examination of recent studies, we explored how these ingredients modulated AHN. Furthermore, we critically assessed the current limitations of research in this domain and proposed novel strategies for preclinical investigation and clinical applications in the treatment of depression in future.

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Section: Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis: pharmacological mechanisms of antidepressant active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine

Lv,

Zhang,

Huang

et al. 2023

Front. Pharmacol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Studies have shown that multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of depression, such as low functioning of the monoamine nervous system (Borroto-Escuela et al, 2021), inflammation (Beurel et al, 2020;Novakovic et al, 2023), nerve damage and regeneration disorders (Tartt et al, 2022;Thompson, 2023), dysfunction of the HPA axis (Herzog et al, 2023), oxidative stress (Bhatt et al, 2020), and genetic and psychosocial factors (Zhao et al, 2022;Ross et al, 2023), etc. The pathogenesis fits right in with the broad pharmacologic effects of Ber as mentioned above, and an increasing number of in vitro and in vivo experiments have focused on the validation of the antidepressant effects of Ber (Zhu et al, 2017;LU et al, 2021;YU et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2022b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress on antidepressant effects and mechanisms of berberine

Gao,

Nie,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Depression, a global health problem with growing prevalence, brings serious impacts on the daily life of patients. However, the antidepressants currently used in clinical are not perfectly effective, which greatly reduces the compliance of patients. Berberine is a natural quaternary alkaloid which has been shown to have a variety of pharmacological effects, such as hypoglycemic, lipid-regulation, anti-cancer, antibacterial, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant. This review summarizes the evidence of pharmacological applications of berberine in treating depression and elucidates the mechanisms of berberine regulating neurotransmitter levels, promoting the regeneration of hippocampal neurons, improving hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, anti-oxidative stress, and suppressing inflammatory status in order to provide a reference for further research and clinical application of berberine.

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“…However, animal models have found substantial evidence that antidepressants can impact hippocampal function, in which the hippocampus is essential for episodic memory processing (Squire et al, 2004). Antidepressants can rescue hippocampal volume loss, stimulate the growth of new neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, and reverse synaptic retraction between hippocampal subfields (Sousa et al, 2000;Sahay and Hen, 2007;Tartt et al, 2022). Given the influence that antidepressants can have on the hippocampus, it is important to evaluate the association between antidepressants and cognitive function, such as memory and emotional memory biases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived antidepressant efficacy associated with reduced negative and enhanced neutral mnemonic discrimination

Phillips,

Castro,

Vas

et al. 2023

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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IntroductionWhile antidepressants are one of the first-line treatments for depression, the mechanisms underlying antidepressant action are unclear. Furthermore, the extent to which antidepressants impact emotional and cognitive dysfunction in depression requires more fine-grained approaches toward measuring these impacts in humans. Depression is associated with emotion and mood dysregulation in addition to cognitive deficits. Depressed individuals experience general memory impairment as well as a negativity bias in episodic memory, where negative events are better remembered than positive or neutral events. One potential mechanism hypothesized to underlie the negativity bias in memory is dysfunctional hippocampal pattern separation, in which depressed individuals tend to show impaired general pattern separation but enhanced negative pattern separation. Mnemonic discrimination tasks have been designed to tax hippocampal pattern separation in humans and provide a powerful approach to develop a mechanistic account for cognitive dysfunction in depression. While antidepressants have been examined primarily in rodent models in the context of hippocampal pattern separation, this has yet to be examined in humans.MethodsHere, we investigated how antidepressant usage and their perceived efficacy was associated with emotional mnemonic discrimination, given our prior work indicating a negativity bias for mnemonic discrimination in individuals with greater depressive symptoms.ResultsWe found that individuals who reported a greater improvement in their depressive symptoms after taking antidepressants (responders) showed reduced negative and enhanced neutral mnemonic discrimination compared to those with little to no improvement (non-responders). Perceived antidepressant efficacy was the strongest predictor of a reduction in the negativity bias for mnemonic discrimination, even when controlling for current depressive symptoms, antidepressant type, and other relevant factors.DiscussionThese results suggest that antidepressants, when effective, can shift memory dynamics toward healthy function.

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Electroconvulsive therapy—a shocking inducer of neuroplasticity?

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis: pharmacological mechanisms of antidepressant active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis: pharmacological mechanisms of antidepressant active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine

Research progress on antidepressant effects and mechanisms of berberine

Perceived antidepressant efficacy associated with reduced negative and enhanced neutral mnemonic discrimination

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