Electrode Architecture in Galvanic and Electrolytic Energy Cells

Abstract

Electrodes in galvanic and electrolytic energy cells are complicated structures comprising redox-active materials, ionic/electronic conductors, and porous pathways for mass transfer of reactants. In contrast to breakthroughs in component development, methods of optimizing whole-system architectural design to draw maximum output have not been well explored. In this Minireview, we introduce generalized types of electrode architecture, discuss fabrication strategies, and characterize already built structures. Systematic efforts to discover optimal electrode configurations will resolve long-standing discrepancies that arise between whole systems and the sums of their parts for a number of electrochemical reactions and technologies.

Extensive Active-Site Formation in Trirutile CoSb2O6 by Oxygen Vacancy for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Anion Exchange Membrane Water Splitting

“…Hence, the crystal structure of as-prepared CoSb S2). 29 Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we confirmed the morphology of the CoSb 2 O 6 cluster on Ni foam as a barnaclelike shape due to its tails and pores, which could contribute to increasing the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) 30 (Figure 1d). As shown in Figure 1e 31 The O w peak at 532.6 eV is related to OH species of adsorbed water molecules, and the O L peak at 529.7 eV is due to the oxygen atoms-bound metal atom in the metal oxide.…”

“…In the case of the XRD patterns of the Co 3 O 4 , it perfectly matched the XRD pattern of the Co 3 O 4 spinel structure (Figure S2). Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we confirmed the morphology of the CoSb 2 O 6 cluster on Ni foam as a barnacle-like shape due to its tails and pores, which could contribute to increasing the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) (Figure d). As shown in Figure e, the distribution of Co and Sb atoms, confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images, was highly uniform in the CoSb 2 O 6 cluster.…”

A Biomedical Device Innovation: A Method for Accurate Calculation of Volume (Volumetry) of Irregular Bone Specimens

“…Further, the cylinder can be calibrated in accordance with the type and size of the specimen to be studied. On the other hand, this device should give an accurate electronic quantification of the size of bone samples immersed in it; the device can be based on some physical principles including; light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (LASER), galvanic and electronic conduction, or an electronic vernier caliber in combination with basic mathematic formulae for the calculation of volume [7,[13][14][15].…”

Optimistic performance of carbon-free hydrazine fuel cells based on controlled electrode structure and water management

“…When constructing MEAs, the low-metal-content catalyst thickened the catalyst layer when loading the target amount of catalyst onto the electrode, which restricts the development of triple-phase boundaries [10] . Jeong et al also reported that thicker catalyst layers formed using a large amount of catalyst reduce the efficiency due to a dramatic decrease in the triple phase boundaries, even though the thicker layer has a larger surface area for the electrochemical reactions to occur [18] . Furthermore, the treatment of consumed or produced water on the electrode is critical toward boosting the performance of the systems [16 , 17 , 19-21] .…”