Electrode material studies and cell voltage characteristics of the in situ water electrolysis performed in a pH-neutral electrolyte in bioelectrochemical systems

Givirovskiy, Georgy; Ruuskanen, Vesa; Ojala, Leo; Lienemann, Michael; Kokkonen, Petteri; Ahola, Jero

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01690

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…According to statistics, there are around 30,000 different raw materials and chemical intermediates that are synthesized by using catalysts. These materials are not only related to people's food, clothing, and housing, but also involve modern high-tech fields such as information transmission, network technology, aerospace [1][2][3], and bioengineering [4,5]. Today, researchers are committed to developing more efficient, selective, less expensive, and greener industrial catalysts in order to upgrade current chemical production technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Specific Heat Capacity with Temperature for Typical Supports Used for Heterogeneous Catalysts

Wang

Estel

et al. 2020

Processes

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Heterogeneous catalysts are widely used in the chemical industry. Compared with homogeneous catalysts, they can be easily separated from the reaction mixture. To design and optimize an efficient and safe chemical process one needs to calculate the energy balance, implying the need for knowledge of the catalyst’s specific heat capacity. Such values are typically not reported in the literature, especially not the temperature dependence. To fill this gap in knowledge, the specific heat capacities of commonly utilized heterogeneous catalytic supports were measured at different temperatures in a Tian–Calvet calorimeter. The following materials were tested: activated carbon, aluminum oxide, amberlite IR120 (H-form), H-Beta-25, H-Beta-38, H-Y-60, H-ZSM-5-23, H-ZSM-5-280, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, and zeolite 13X. Polynomial expressions were successfully fitted to the experimental data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Specific Heat Capacity with Temperature for Typical Supports Used for Heterogeneous Catalysts

Wang

Estel

et al. 2020

Processes

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“…Voltage drop on electrodes, U ele , is the sum of the reversible open-circuit voltage of electrode reactions and the activation overvoltage required to drive finite current . The activation overvoltage can be modeled using the simplified Butler–Volmer equation (eq ) where U rev and U act are the reversible open-circuit voltage and activation overvoltage, respectively; α is the charge-transfer coefficient (V) for electrodes; and i 0 is the exchange current density (A m –2 ) on the electrode surface.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Voltage drop on electrodes, U ele , is the sum of the reversible open-circuit voltage of electrode reactions and the activation overvoltage required to drive finite current. 47 The activation overvoltage can be modeled using the simplified Butler− Volmer equation (eq 12)…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis for Ammonia Recovery from Synthetic Urine: Experiments, Modeling, and Performance Analysis

Wang

Shi

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Recovering nitrogen from source-separated urine is an important part of the sustainable nitrogen management. A novel bipolar membrane electrodialysis with membrane contactor (BMED−MC) process is demonstrated here for efficient recovery of ammonia from synthetic source-separated urine (∼3772 mg N L −1 ). In a BMED−MC process, electrically driven water dissociation in a bipolar membrane simultaneously increases the pH of the urine stream and produces an acid stream for ammonia stripping. With the increased pH of urine, ammonia transports across the gas-permeable membrane in the membrane contactor and is recovered by the acid stream as ammonium sulfate that can be directly used as fertilizer. Our results obtained using batch experiments demonstrate that the BMED−MC process can achieve 90% recovery. The average ammonia flux and the specific energy consumption can be regulated by varying the current density. At a current density of 20 mA cm −2 , the energy required to achieve a 67.5% ammonia recovery in a 7 h batch mode is 92.8 MJ kg −1 N for a bench-scale system with one membrane stack and can approach 25.8 MJ kg −1 N for large-scale systems with multiple membrane stacks, with an average ammonia flux of 2.2 mol m −2 h −1 . Modeling results show that a continuous BMED−MC process can achieve a 90% ammonia recovery with a lower energy consumption (i.e., 12.5 MJ kg −1 N). BMED−MC shows significant potential for ammonia recovery from source-separated urine as it is relatively energy-efficient and requires no external acid solution.

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“…Consequently, a reduction in space between the electrodes in the stack substantially decreases the electrical resistance and leads to elevated current densities at the same cell potentials. Having measured the current and voltage data of the electrobioreactor electrolyzer stack with a 10 mm distance between the electrodes, the corresponding data were calculated for the same stack with a 3 mm distance between the electrodes, according to the simplified cell voltage model published in [26] and presented by the following equation:…”

Section: Effect Of Electrode Distance On the Cell Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the 2.5 g/mol biomass yield from hydrogen, the hydrogen consumption is 80 mol/h. If CoP-coated electrodes are used, a 50% HHV efficiency can be reached with current densities up to 5 mA/cm 2 [26]. According to (2), the required cell area is 85.8 m 2 .…”

Section: Volumetric Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Water Electrolyzer Stack for an Electrobioreactor

et al. 2019

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Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria provide a sustainable solution for microbial protein production. Renewable electricity can be used for in situ water electrolysis in an electrobioreactor. The use of cultivation medium as the electrolyte enhances the hydrogen dissolution to the medium. This paper proposes a stack structure for in situ water electrolysis to improve the productivity of the electrobioreactor. The hydrogen production rate and the energy efficiency of the prototype stack are analyzed.

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Electrode material studies and cell voltage characteristics of the in situ water electrolysis performed in a pH-neutral electrolyte in bioelectrochemical systems

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Evolution of Specific Heat Capacity with Temperature for Typical Supports Used for Heterogeneous Catalysts

Evolution of Specific Heat Capacity with Temperature for Typical Supports Used for Heterogeneous Catalysts

Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis for Ammonia Recovery from Synthetic Urine: Experiments, Modeling, and Performance Analysis

In Situ Water Electrolyzer Stack for an Electrobioreactor

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