Electrode Potentials of Thorium Tetrachloride in Alkali Chloride Melts

Srinivasan, Raghavan; Flengas, S. N.

doi:10.1139/v64-203

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The diffusion activation energy of Ce(III) ions estimated in this work was higher than the values(31.97 and 37.37 kJ mol -1 ) obtained by other authors [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] in LiCl-KCl. The difference may be attributed to the difference from viscosity of different molten salts used in experiments.…”

Section: Square Wave Voltammetrycontrasting

confidence: 79%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electrochemical behavior of cerium(III) in NaCl–KCl molten salt

Yang

Lin

et al. 2014

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work presented the electrochemical study of cerium(III) on the insert electrode (Mo) in NaCl-KCl molten salt in the temperature range 954-1,007 K. The electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry were used for investigating the reduction of Ce(III). The results obtained showed that CeCl 3 could be reduced into cerium metal in a quasireversible one-step process exchanging three electrons (Ce(III)?3e ? Ce(0)) at the operating temperatures on a molybdenum cathode. The diffusion coefficients of Ce(III) ions at different temperatures were determined by cyclic voltammetry. The validity of the Arrhenius law was also verified and the activation energy for diffusion was found to be 46.0 kJ mol -1 . The apparent standard potentials of the redox couple (Ce(III)/Ce(0)) at several temperatures was calculated. The thermodynamic properties of cerium trichloride have also been investigated.

show abstract

Section: Square Wave Voltammetrycontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…Ce(0)) in NaCl-KCl molten salt molten salts. The half-peak width (W 1/2 ) was a function of temperature and the number of electrons transferred [16,17]. This relationship was:…”

Section: Square Wave Voltammetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical behavior of cerium(III) in NaCl–KCl molten salt

Yang

Lin

et al. 2014

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…AIeasurernents of the "apparent standard potentials" of several metal -metal chloride systems in dilute solutions in fused alkali chlorides have been reported in previous investigations (1,2,3). Sucll measurements provide data on activities, help determine the equilibrium constants of chemical reactions in fused salts, and provide some of the necessary information for the recovery of metals by fused salt electrolysis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The "apparent standard cell potential" defines the free energy of reaction [3] in hypothetical solutions of unit concentration, with reactants and products in their states a t infinite dilution. The cell reactions for the t\vo redox cells where EO's represent the standard potentials of the pure constituents, and 7's and X's are ~e t s are the corresponding activity coefficients and mole fractions.…”

Section: (C) Electromotizle Force Iweasurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic and Electrochemical Properties of Zirconium Chlorides in Alkali Chloride Melts

Swaroop¹,

Flengas²

1966

Can. J. Chem.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The liquidus curves in the binary equilibrium phase diagrams of the systems, ZrCI,MCI, and ZrCIJ-hIC1, where M is potassium or sodium, have been determined where possible. The electroche~nic~l properties of the clilute solutions of zirconium di-, tri-, and tetra-chlorides, in the teriiperature range 670 OC to 750 'C, mere investigated by reversible electromotive force measurements. From the results various equilibria between zirconiun~ metal and the soltitions of zirconium tri-and tetra-chlorides, respectively, were determined. Activity calculations indicate that zirconiu~n tetrachloride is heavily complexed in these melts.AIeasurernents of the "apparent standard potentials" of several metal -metal chloride systems in dilute solutions in fused alkali chlorides have been reported in previous investigations (1, 2, 3). Sucll measurements provide data on activities, help determine the equilibrium constants of chemical reactions in fused salts, and provide some of the necessary information for the recovery of metals by fused salt electrolysis. An equimolar melt of potassiuin and sodium chlorides was used as the solvent melt in all these studies, and a silver -silver chloride electrode developed earlier in this work (1) was the reference electrode.In this investigation, the technique has been applied to the determination of the reversible potentials of the zirconium chlorides in the temperature range 670 OC t o 750 "C. Three zirconium chlorides arc known to exist a t room temperature: zirconium dichloride, zirconium trichloride, and zirconiulm tetrachloride.Pure solid zirconiutm trichloride disproportiorlates a t high temperatures by the reaction:Turiibull and Watts (4) have shown that the reaction pressure of zirconiunl tetrachloride vapor in equilibriunl n ith the two solid phases reaches 1 atin at about 450 OC. Solutions of zirconium trichloride in alkali chloride inelts have also been considered to be thermally unstable and recent measurelnents of the zirconium potential have been conducted in nlelts containing zirconiui~l tetrachloride (3, G). Preliminary experiments in this laboratory have indicated that a t 700 OC zirconium metal is soluble in an equiinolar melt of potassiuln and sodium chlorides co~itaining either zirconium trichloride or zirconiun~ tetrachloride. Solidified material from these solutions had a dark blue color, indicating the presence of reduced zirconium species.In the experimental 1)-ork reported herein, the thermal stabilities of zirconium dichloride a i d of zirconiunl trichloride in solutioi~ were investigated by cryoscopic measureinents and by X-ray analysis.The liquidus curves of the binary s y s t e i~~s hIC1-ZrClz and IICI-ZrC13, xvl~ere &I is potassiun~ or sodium, were determined. The potentials of a zirconiuin electrode iminersed in a solution containing zirconium dichloride and thc redox potentials of the systems ZrCl2jZrCl8 and ZrClalZrCll nere also investigated. Froin the results, the equilibriu~n For personal use only.

show abstract

“…It is assumed in subsequent calcula tions that Henry's law is obeyed and the activity coefficient is independent of concentration. Since the activity coeffi cient of these chlorides in some other eutectics like KClNaCl (29) and NaCl-KCl-MgClg (47) are in the same range, the same values have been used both for KCl-LiCl and NaCl-MgCl2 eutectic. The activity coefficients tend to reach the value of unity (ideal behavior) with increasing temperature and this trend was retained in compiling Table 4.…”

Section: Fused Salt Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrometallurgical separation of uranium from (Th,U)02 solid solutions

Jha

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrode Potentials of Thorium Tetrachloride in Alkali Chloride Melts

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

Electrochemical behavior of cerium(III) in NaCl–KCl molten salt

Electrochemical behavior of cerium(III) in NaCl–KCl molten salt

Thermodynamic and Electrochemical Properties of Zirconium Chlorides in Alkali Chloride Melts

Pyrometallurgical separation of uranium from (Th,U)02 solid solutions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About