Electrode Potentials Part 1: Fundamentals and Aqueous Systems

Abstract

Electrochemistry deals with the interrelationship between electrical and chemical energy. Various potentials appear in electrochemistry and pertain to one another in practical cells. Understanding the electrode potential is an important step in acquiring basic knowledge of electrochemistry and extending it to specific applications. This comprehensive paper outlines the fundamentals and related subjects of electrode potentials, including electrochemical cells and liquid junction potentials. Aqueous solution systems are ideal for connecting the theoretical background of electrode potentials to practical electrochemical measurements. Accordingly, the basic electrode chemistry in aqueous systems is described in this paper, as well as several advanced concepts introduced in recent studies.

Quantum Chemical Analysis of the Correlation between Electrode Potential and Redox Center of Li‐Insertion Materials: Olivine, Layered and Spinel Structures, and Aqua‐Complexes

“…The second phenomenon is that the electrode potential of olivine materials is higher than that of oxide‐based materials, although the M 2+/3+ solid‐state redox reaction occurs in olivine materials [8–10] in contrast to M 3+/4+ for layered and spinel materials [11–13] . According to electrochemical theory, the smaller the oxidation number, the lower the electrode potential of a material [14,15] . Therefore, olivine materials are expected to have lower electrode potentials than oxide materials.…”

“…[11][12][13] According to electrochemical theory, the smaller the oxidation number, the lower the electrode potential of a material. [14,15] Therefore, olivine materials are expected to have lower electrode potentials than oxide materials. However, as shown in Figure 1, this expectation does not hold true, as olivine materials exhibit higher electrode potentials than oxide materials.…”

Changes in the negative logarithm of end-tidal hydrogen partial pressure indicate the variation of electrode potential in healthy Japanese subjects

“…O 2 causes a rise of oxidation–reduction potential, and H 2 causes its reduction in the media of bacterial culture 20 . However, the electrode potential represents the half-cell reaction under certain H 2 effective pressure against the standard hydrogen electrode (E 0 = 0) 21 . Therefore, it is practical to evaluate the difference between the two electrode potentials under different H 2 partial pressure wherever redox environment is common, while pH is measured by the difference between the two electrode potentials in the sample solution and the pH standard buffer solution 22 .…”

Electrochemical Polarization Part 1: Fundamentals and Corrosion

“…Therefore, understanding the correlation between there parameters is important for analyzing the results obtained from the polarization measurements. The details of the electrode potential are described in a related paper (see the Electrode Potential section 1 in this special issue). In this paper, we first describe the origin of current in electrochemistry, and then provided an overview of the correlation between electrode potential and current density, called the polarization curve.…”