Oxide-based photoelectrodes recently have been at the forefront of research for photoelectrochemical water splitting. While most oxide-based photoanodes suffer from severe electron−hole recombination, BiVO 4 photoanodes are known to achieve exceptionally high electron−hole separation efficiencies. However, an understanding of what features of BiVO 4 lead to this desired property is currently lacking. In this study, we sought to elucidate these features by investigating PbCrO 4 , which has electronic and structural similarities to BiVO 4 . For this goal, we prepared PbCrO 4 as a high-quality photoanode and compared its photoelectrochemical properties and stability with those of BiVO 4 . Our results showed that the electron−hole separation efficiency for PbCrO 4 at 1.23 V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) was ∼67%, which is considerably higher than most oxide photoanodes and approaches that of state-of-the-art BiVO 4 . The photoelectrochemical similarities and differences between PbCrO 4 and BiVO 4 were discussed in detail, and the origins for their similarities and differences were investigated via combined experimental and computational studies, which include the computation of electronic band structures, band edge alignments, and the formation energies of oxygen vacancies of PbCrO 4 and BiVO 4 . The shared electronic and structural features of PbCrO 4 and BiVO 4 elucidated in this study provide useful guidelines to develop high-performance oxide-based photoanodes.