The redox reaction is related to the pH of the electrolyte
owing
to protonation/deprotonation during photoelectrochemical (PEC) water
splitting. However, the influence of electrolyte pH on water splitting
is not clear, especially the mechanism of the solid–liquid
interface mass transfer and carrier transport process under strong
acid and alkaline conditions. Herein, a comprehensive series of PEC
characterization methods including the linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Mott–Schottky, and intensity-modulated
photocurrent/photovoltage spectroscopy (IMPS/IMVS) were deployed to
reveal the effect of pH on the carrier transport at the solid–liquid
interface layer using TiO2 and Sb2Se3 as the photoanode and photocathode, respectively. Our results indicated
that the photocurrent density under alkaline conditions can be as
much as six times greater than that under acidic conditions for Sb2Se3, while for the TiO2 photoanode,
the photocurrent under strong alkaline conditions was approximately
four times greater compared to that under acidic conditions. The relationship
between the photocurrent density and electrolyte pH was investigated
by injecting acidic and alkaline electrolytes through the electrode
surface using a multichannel syringe pump. According to the EIS results,
a rise in the pH reduces the impedance of the electrolyte/electrode
interface and improves the carrier separation efficiency. Interestingly,
the carrier collection efficiency, which is defined by the carrier
lifetime and transport time, was enhanced with a rise in electrolyte
pH. Our work provides a general approach to identify the relationship
between electrolyte pH and carrier dynamics at the electrolyte/electrode
interface by electrolyte regulation using a microchannel reactor.