Electrodeposition from Ionic Liquids: Interface Processes, Ion Effects, and Macroporous Structures

Endres, Frank; Borisenko, Natalia; Salman, Rihab Al; Zoubi, Mohammad Al; Prowald, Alexandra; Carstens, Timo; Abedin, Sherif Zein El

doi:10.1002/9781118434987.ch1

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Ionic liquids (ILs) are pure salts that have melting points less than 100 °C. 6 – 14 ILs have attracted considerable scientific interest 15 – 18 due to their remarkable physicochemical properties which often include large electrochemical windows, 19 , 20 negligible vapour pressures 6 , 8 and thermal stability. 21 ILs are classified as protic or aprotic based on the synthesis method.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ion structure controls ionic liquid near-surface and interfacial nanostructure

et al. 2015

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confidence: 99%

Ion structure controls ionic liquid near-surface and interfacial nanostructure

et al. 2015

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“…The effect of surface potential is probed between ± 1.0 V with and without added 0.1 wt/wt% LiTFSI or EMImCl. These salts were chosen as they are electrochemically significant 50 and allow nanostructure cause-affect relationships to be established.…”

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Nanostructure of the Ionic Liquid–Graphite Stern Layer

et al. 2015

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Ionic liquids (ILs) are attractive solvents for devices such as lithium ion batteries and capacitors, but their uptake is limited, partially because their Stern layer nanostructure is poorly understood compared to molecular solvents. Here, in situ amplitude-modulated atomic force microscopy has been used to reveal the Stern layer nanostructure of the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIm TFSI)-HOPG (highly ordered pyrolytic graphite) interface with molecular resolution. The effect of applied surface potential and added 0.1 wt/wt % Li TFSI or EMIm Cl on ion arrangements is probed between ±1 V. For pure EMIm TFSI at open-circuit potential, well-defined rows are present on the surface formed by an anion-cation-cation-anion (A-C-C-A) unit cell adsorbed with like ions adjacent. As the surface potential is changed, the relative concentrations of cations and anions in the Stern layer respond, and markedly different lateral ion arrangements ensue. The changes in Stern layer structure at positive and negative potentials are not symmetrical due to the different surface affinities and packing constraints of cations and anions. For potentials outside ±0.4 V, images are featureless because the compositional variation within the layer is too small for the AFM tip to detect. This suggests that the Stern layer is highly enriched in either cations or anions (depending on the potential) oriented upright to the surface plane. When Li(+) or Cl(-) is present, some Stern layer ionic liquid cations or anions (respectively) are displaced, producing starkly different structures. The Stern layer structures elucidated here significantly enhance our understanding of the ionic liquid electrical double layer.

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“…Ionic liquids (ILs) are pure salts with low melting points. − The properties of ILs are controlled by a subtle balance of Coulombic, dispersion, and H-bonding forces, − which can be tuned by altering the cation or anion charge group type and the length or number of attached organic chains. , Due to their designable nature, ILs have widespread applications, − many of which involve processes at interfaces, so are at least partially controlled by interfacial ion arrangements.…”

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Effect of Hydrogen Bonding between Ions of Like Charge on the Boundary Layer Friction of Hydroxy-Functionalized Ionic Liquids

Niemann

Ludwig

2020

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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Atomic force microscopy has been used to measure the lubricity of a series of ionic liquids (ILs) at mica surfaces in the boundary friction regime. A previously unreported cation bilayer structure is detected at the IL−mica interface due to the formation of H-bonds between the hydroxy-functionalized cations [(cc) H-bonds], which enhances the ordering of the ions in the boundary layer and improves the lubrication. The strength of the cation bilayer structure is controlled by altering the strength of (c-c) H-bonding via changes in the hydroxyalkyl chain length, the cation charge polarizability, and the coordination strength of the anions. This reveals a new means of controlling IL boundary nanostructure via H-bonding between ions of the same charge, which can impact diverse applications, including surface catalysis, particle stability, electrochemistry, etc.

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Electrodeposition from Ionic Liquids: Interface Processes, Ion Effects, and Macroporous Structures

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Ion structure controls ionic liquid near-surface and interfacial nanostructure

Ion structure controls ionic liquid near-surface and interfacial nanostructure

Nanostructure of the Ionic Liquid–Graphite Stern Layer

Effect of Hydrogen Bonding between Ions of Like Charge on the Boundary Layer Friction of Hydroxy-Functionalized Ionic Liquids

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