Two-dimensional
(2D) MXenes have attracted tremendous research
interest due to their layered structure and exceptional properties.
Herein, we have synthesized accordion-like multilayered titanium carbide
MXenes (m-Ti3C2T
x
) via a single-step HF etching method from titanium
aluminum carbide (Ti3AlC2). We demonstrate that
the as-grown m-Ti3C2T
x
acts as an efficient catalyst for dye degradation through
a Fenton reaction in water without requiring any heterostructure due
to the presence of a large amount of low-valence Ti states (Ti2+ and Ti3+). Post-growth annealing studies establish
the critical roles of Ti2+ and Ti3+ species
of m-Ti3C2T
x
in
dye degradation. Our quantitative analysis reveals a direct correlation
between the catalytic efficiency of m-Ti3C2T
x
MXene and its Ti2+ content. Under
optimum experimental conditions, the degradation efficiency of 100%
was achieved from 50 mL of 20 μM concentration methylene blue
(MB) solution within 24 min without the need for light illumination.
The effect of MB concentration and pH of solutions on the degradation
efficiency was investigated, and excellent degradation efficiency
was found in acidic as well as basic media, which is significant.
Furthermore, the free radical scavenging test indicates that •OH radicals are the main active species involved in
this degradation process. We also explored the effect of the nature
of dyes on the catalytic degradation efficiency, which reveals that
the cationic dye (e.g., rhodamine B) has much higher degradation efficiency
than the anionic dye (e.g., methyl orange). This work paves the way
for the direct use of 2D MXenes for efficient catalysis without requiring
any heterostructure or light illumination, and it provides significant
insights for the practical application of m-Ti3C2T
x
for polluted water treatment through
an advanced oxidation process.