Electrodeposition of Bright Al Coatings from Dimethylsulfone-AlCl3 Baths with the Addition of Tetraethylenepentamine

Mirror-like Bright Al-Mn Coatings Electrodeposition from 1-Ethyl-3 Methylimidazolium Chloride-AlCl3-MnCl2 Ionic Liquids with Pyridine Derivatives

“…As shown in Figure 5 a, the Al-Mn-BK coatings obtained from the pure EMIC-AlCl 3 -MnCl 2 bath presented a dull surface and did not legibly reflect the stripes in front of it. The matte Al-Mn-BK coating composed of Al-Mn particles with a size range of 0.2–1.5 μm resulted in the irregularity of the coating surface with an average roughness of about 243 nm ( Table S2 ) [ 15 ]. The Al-Mn-HP coating remained a lusterless surface ( Figure 5 b); its average roughness was about 239 nm ( Table S2 ), which was mainly due to its micron-sized grains.…”

“…The use of additives was one of the key technologies needed to regulate the microstructure and properties of the electrodeposited coatings. Furthermore, the effects of a large number of additives on the electrodeposition of Al coatings from ionic liquids have been studied, such as nicotinamide [ 14 ], tetraethylenepentamine [ 15 ], toluene [ 16 ], and methyl nicotinate [ 17 ]. However, a few investigations report the effects of organic additives on the microstructure and performances of Al-Mn coatings electrodeposited from the ionic liquids.…”

Hull cell tests for evaluating the effects of polyethylene amines as brighteners in the electrodeposition of aluminum from dimethylsulfone-AlCl3 baths

“…, whereas the reduction of AlCl 4 is not observed within the electrochemical window of the electrolytes. It has been demonstrated that dense, uniform Al coatings with a high corrosion resistance can be electrodeposited from DMSO 2 -AlCl 3 baths at ~110 °C [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

“…In general, the electrodeposition of bright coatings is achieved by including certain additives, called brighteners, in the electroplating bath [23]. However, effective brighteners for use in the electrodeposition of Al from DMSO 2 -AlCl 3 baths have not been well developed to date, with only ZrCl 4 [19] and tetraethylenepentamine [22] having been reported to work to any extent. It is known that bright Al coatings can be electrodeposited from ionic liquid baths with the addition of 1,10-phenanthroline [7], benzene [11], or toluene [8,9].…”

“…Previously, we found that tetraethylenepentamine (NH 2 (CH 2 CH 2 NH) n H, n = 4, TEPA) worked as a brightener for the electrodeposition of Al in a DMSO 2 -AlCl 3 bath [22]. This motivated us to investigate other polyethylene amines.…”