Electrodeposition of CuZn from Chlorozincate Ionic Liquid: From Hollow Tubes to Segmented Nanowires

Hsieh, Yi‐Ting; Tsai, Ren-Wei; Su, Chung-Jui; Sun, I‐Wen

doi:10.1021/jp506833s

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…A paper corresponding to the electrodeposition of hollow tubes and segmented nanowires of CuZn from chlorozincate IL has mentioned that the special structures of the CuZn electrodeposits might be formed as a result of the periodic depletion of reducible ZnCl 3 − and the production of non-reducible ZnCl 4 − at the electrode-electrolyte interface during the electrodeposition. 38 Our study may support their assumption but no special structure of the electrodeposits is observed here; maybe Cu also plays a crucial role in that study. In order to further confirm our assumption, the electrodeposition of Zn was also conducted in a stirred solution.…”

Section: Electrodeposition Of Zn From [Bmp][tfsi] Containing Zn(tfsi)supporting

confidence: 65%

Voltammetric Study and Electrodeposition of Zinc in Hydrophobic Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium Bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide ([BMP][TFSI]): A Comparison between Chloride and TFSI Salts of Zinc

Wang

Yeh

Tang

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The voltammetric behavior, nucleation mechanism, and electrodeposition of zinc were carefully studied in hydrophobic roomtemperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide (RTIL [BMP][TFSI]). The Zn(II) species were introduced via the anodic dissolution of Zn, or the addition of Zn(TFSI) 2 and ZnCl 2 , respectively. Unexpectedly, ZnCl 2 shows a high solubility in [BMP][TFSI] where most metal chlorides are almost insoluble. For electrodeposition, ZnCl 2 hence can be used as a cheaper and time-saving alternative of the Zn(II) source. Two Zn salts show obviously different voltammetric behavior, which may result from the different Zn(II) species formed. Two redox couples of Zn(II) are observed in ZnCl 2 solutions but there is only one redox couple in Zn(TFSI) 2 solutions. Many phenomena imply that two Zn(II) species, one is partially Cl-coordinated and the other one is TFSI-coordinated, are produced from ZnCl 2 . The surface morphology of Zn deposits prepared from the two Zn salts at 80 • C is not distinguishable but apparently changed with the electrodepositing potential. Similarly, the nucleation mechanism is independent of the Zn salts, and a 3-dimensional (3D) progressive nucleation with diffusion controlled growth is observed. Oppositely, the deposition/stripping efficiency of Zn is significantly influenced by the source of Zn(II); a much higher efficiency is observed in the Zn ( Zinc is an important industrial metal regarding to the usage in corrosion-resistance coatings, 1 in energy storage devices such as Zn batteries, 2,3 and electrocatalysis. 4 Regardless of which application, electrodeposition of Zn is involved, and the relevant study is hence important. For electrodeposition of metals, the choice of the electrolytes is always crucial to the surface morphology of the electrodeposits, the current efficiency, the stability of the electrodeposits in the electrolytes, and the impact to the environment.Ionic liquids (ILs), including deep eutectic solvents (DESs), have been recognized as better electrolytes than organic or aqueous ones for the electrodeposition of metals, including Zn, 5,6 offering an alternative to toxic and/or corrosive additives such as cyanide and acid chloride. Moreover, if aprotic ILs are used, hydrogen evolution, which is usually encountered in the electrodeposition of active metals such as Zn in aqueous solutions, can be significantly suppressed, leading to a more controllable surface morphology and higher current efficiency. Zn has been successfully electrodeposited from the traditional Lewis acidic ILs, 7-10 the air-and water-stable ILs, 3,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] To search a common source of Zn ions and a suitable IL for the electrodeposition of Zn metal, however, is still important.The hydrophobic RTIL 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis ((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide ([BMP][TFSI]) has been widely used for the study of metal and alloy electrodeposition in view of various advantages, such as wide electrochemical window, wide tempera...

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Section: Electrodeposition Of Zn From [Bmp][tfsi] Containing Zn(tfsi)supporting

confidence: 65%

Voltammetric Study and Electrodeposition of Zinc in Hydrophobic Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium Bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide ([BMP][TFSI]): A Comparison between Chloride and TFSI Salts of Zinc

Wang

Yeh

Tang

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…It was revealed that the addition of an IL to glyme evidently increased the conductivity and the reduction current for deposition . Hsieh et al synthesized Cu–Zn alloys in a Lewis acidic IL ZnCl 2 –C 2 mimCl via direct electrodeposition . The Cu–Zn alloys of different morphologies, including hollow tubes, nanowire arrays, and segmented porous nanowire arrays could be generated via controlling the deposition potential and the concentration of precursors.…”

Section: Ils Used As Synthetic Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Functional Nanomaterials in Ionic Liquids

2015

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Utilization of ionic liquids (ILs) in material synthesis is a promising field. The unusual properties of ILs provide new opportunities for the design of functional materials, and much excellent work has been reported. Here, the progress in material design and synthesis using ILs, especially nanomaterials, is discussed, including the unitization of ILs as synthetic media, templates, precursors, or components in the synthesis of various categories of nanomaterials. The challenges and opportunities in this interesting and rapid developing area are also discussed.

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“…The electroplating of ordered nano/microstructures of Al without templates may seem to be a fantasy. However, Sun and his colleagues 68 have succeeded in the electrodeposition of Al nanowires from Lewis acidic AlCl 3 -[Me 3 HN]Cl (Figure 10). 69 The wire diameter, which can be controlled with the Lewis acidity and applied potential, ranges from 170 ± 23 ∼510 ± 96 nm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

Tsuda

Stafford

Hussey

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this article, we review the progress in the area of electrochemical technology with Lewis acidic haloaluminate room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), such as AlCl 3 -1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and AlBr 3 -1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, and novel chloroaluminate mixtures consisting of AlCl 3 and polarizable molecules, e.g., dimethylsulfone and urea, during this decade. The number of researchers in the field seems to increase steadily, because now we can handle haloaluminate RTILs and their mixtures with other solvents and materials more easily than we could in the past. In this review, we have categorized the electrochemical technology based on these RTILs into two topics: electroplating and energy storage. In fact, much of the current research is based on work begun during the period from ∼1970 until the 1990's. Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), which is a name synonymous with room-temperature molten salts, have received considerable attention as novel reaction media, liquid materials, and starting materials for functional carbon material. (The name "ionic liquid" was arbitrarily chosen to represent what are actually salts that liquefy at temperatures below 373 K.) The interest in these materials stems from their favorable physicochemical properties, such as low-flammability, negligible vapor pressure, relatively high ionic conductivity, and high electrochemical stability. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] It is now common knowledge in the chemistry community that many RTILs are stable in air or even water. The "first generation ionic liquids" were difficult to handle because the typical anions known at that time, e.g., AlCl 4 − and Al 2 Cl 7 − , reacted strongly with moisture in the air. Only a very limited number of laboratories with special skills for handling them could effectively use these RTILs. No doubt, the flourishing interest in RTIL chemistry was heavily abetted by the discovery of air and water stable systems, i.e., the so-called "second generation ionic liquids".However, we should not devalue the first generation systems such as those based on quaternary organic halide salts and aluminum halides, e.g., AlBr 3 and AlCl 3 , known as haloaluminates. The reactivity of the haloaluminates as well as their adjustable Lewis acidity is precisely what makes them interesting and very versatile. By contrast, the second-generation "inert" ionic liquids, are just that: inert and nonreactive, both chemically and electrochemically. Furthermore, the ionic conductivity and viscosity of the haloaluminates, which are important factors for the electrochemical applications described herein, exceed those for the comparable second-generation RTILs. For example, the ionic conductivity and viscosity for 60.0-40.0 mole percent (or 60 mol%) AlCl 3 -1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C 2 mim]Cl) are 17.1 mS cm −1 and 15.35 mPa s, respectively, at 298 K.8 (In the interest of brevity, we will refer to the composition of these ionic liquids by simply stating only the amount of the aluminum halide.) On the other ...

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Electrodeposition of CuZn from Chlorozincate Ionic Liquid: From Hollow Tubes to Segmented Nanowires

Cited by 33 publications

References 43 publications

Voltammetric Study and Electrodeposition of Zinc in Hydrophobic Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium Bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide ([BMP][TFSI]): A Comparison between Chloride and TFSI Salts of Zinc

Voltammetric Study and Electrodeposition of Zinc in Hydrophobic Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium Bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide ([BMP][TFSI]): A Comparison between Chloride and TFSI Salts of Zinc

Synthesis of Functional Nanomaterials in Ionic Liquids

Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

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