Electrodeposition of Metals in Ionic Liquids

Katayama, Yasushi

doi:10.1002/0471762512.ch9

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…However, it should be noted that the volatility of Fc can lead to a change in the concentration of the Fc and thus its electrode potential at elevated temperatures. [51] As an alternative, the I À /I 3 À redox couple can be used as the reference electrode in non-chloroaluminate ionic liquids containing anions such as N(Tf) 2 À . [52,53] The fatal drawback of these redox reference electrodes is the contamination arising from the redox couples.…”

Section: Redox Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

The Electrode/Ionic Liquid Interface: Electric Double Layer and Metal Electrodeposition

Wei

et al. 2010

ChemPhysChem

146

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The last decade has witnessed remarkable advances in interfacial electrochemistry in room‐temperature ionic liquids. Although the wide electrochemical window of ionic liquids is of primary concern in this new type of solvent for electrochemistry, the unusual bulk and interfacial properties brought about by the intrinsic strong interactions in the ionic liquid system also substantially influence the structure and processes at electrode/ionic liquid interfaces. Theoretical modeling and experimental characterizations have been indispensable in reaching a microscopic understanding of electrode/ionic liquid interfaces and in elucidating the physics behind new phenomena in ionic liquids. This Minireview describes the status of some aspects of interfacial electrochemistry in ionic liquids. Emphasis is placed on high‐resolution and molecular‐level characterization by scanning tunneling microscopy and vibrational spectroscopies of interfacial structures, and the initial stage of metal electrodeposition with application in surface nanostructuring.

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Section: Redox Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

The Electrode/Ionic Liquid Interface: Electric Double Layer and Metal Electrodeposition

Wei

et al. 2010

ChemPhysChem

146

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“…We focus on the molecular scale effects of the local liquid structure at the interface between a charged electrode surface and an ionic liquid. Interfacial phenomena in ionic liquids are a subject of intensive ongoing research in many areas: from electrochemistry − to nanotribology − and from synthetic chemistry − to biomedical sciences − as well as in theoretical chemical physics. − The emerging interest in this problem is due to several reasons: on one hand, ionic liquids at charged interfaces are a key element of a number of (potential) applications, such as supercapacitors, batteries, − solar panels, electrolyte-gated electronics, and electrodeposition; ,, on the other hand, ionic liquids at charged interfaces reveal a number of (new) interesting effects, such as overscreening, lattice saturation, and electrostriction. ,,− At least in combination(s), these effects seem to be specific to the highly concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes. Consequently, these effects are not well-described by classical theories of the double layer (such as the Gouy–Chapman theory) that were developed for low-concentration electrolytes …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Ion–Graphene Electrode Interactions by Ionic Liquids: The Effects of Liquid Structure

2014

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We have investigated the screening of solute ion−electrode interactions in two ionic liquids (1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIm][BF 4 ] and 1,3dimethylimidazolium chloride [MMIm]Cl) by constructing free energy profiles for dissolved charged probes as a function of distance from a charged surface (graphene). The free energy profiles for three types of mutual interactions (surface and solute with opposite charges, solute and uncharged surface, and surface and solute with the same charges) differ from each other, but are remarkably similar in the two ionic liquids. They all show oscillations rather than the monotonic behavior predicted by Debye-type screening models. In both ionic liquids, there are high barriers impeding the motion of charged probes to the oppositely charged surface. We examined the local liquid structure around the probes and found that the free energy minima correspond to positions in which the solvation layers induced by the surface charge and the solvation shells around the probes enhance each other while barriers occur where they perturb each other.

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“…Since RTILs have a wide electrochemical window (3-5 V) and sufficient conductivity, these new solvents are suitable for metal electrodeposition applications, although they show relatively low metal solubility. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Unfortunately, the high cost of RTILs limits bulk applications and more feasible alternatives are explored.…”

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confidence: 99%

Surface Sensitive Nickel Electrodeposition in Deep Eutectic Solvent

Sebastián

Giannotti

Gómez

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The first steps of nickel electrodeposition in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) are analysed in detail. Several substrates from glassy carbon to Pt(111) were investigated pointing out the surface sensitivity of the nucleation and growth mechanism. For that, cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, in combination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were employed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to more deeply analyse the Ni deposition on Pt substrates.In a 0.1 M NiCl 2 + DES solution (at 70ºC), the nickel deposition on glassy carbon takes place within the potential limits of the electrode in the blank solution. Although, the electrochemical window of Pt|DES is considerably shorter than on glassy carbon|DES, it was still sufficient for the nickel deposition. On Pt electrode, the negative potential limit was enlarged while the nickel deposit growed, likely because of the lower catalytic activity of the nickel towards the reduction of the DES. At lower overpotentials, different hydrogenated Ni structures were favoured, most likely because of the DES co-reduction on the Pt substrate. Nanometric metallic nickel grains of rounded shape were obtained in any substrate, as evidenced by the FE-SEM. Passivation phenomena, related to the formation of Ni oxide and Ni hydroxylated species, were observed at high applied overpotentials. At low deposited charge, on Pt(111) the AFM measurements showed the formation of rounded nanometric particles of Ni, which rearranged and formed small triangular arrays at sufficiently low applied overpotential (Scheme 1). This particle pattern was induced by the <111> orientation and related to surface sensitivity of the nickel deposition in DES. The present work provides deep insights into the Ni electrodeposition mechanism in the selected deep eutectic solvent. Scheme 1. Representation of the Ni(II) electrodeposition in DES on Pt(111) and AFM image (2 x 2 µm 2 ) of the Ni clusters.

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Electrodeposition of Metals in Ionic Liquids

Cited by 18 publications

References 79 publications

The Electrode/Ionic Liquid Interface: Electric Double Layer and Metal Electrodeposition

The Electrode/Ionic Liquid Interface: Electric Double Layer and Metal Electrodeposition

Screening of Ion–Graphene Electrode Interactions by Ionic Liquids: The Effects of Liquid Structure

Surface Sensitive Nickel Electrodeposition in Deep Eutectic Solvent

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