Electrodeposition of poly‐ethylenedioxythiophene‐graphene oxide nanocomposite in a stainless steel tube for solid‐phase microextraction of letrozole in plasma samples

Abstract

Coated stainless steel was used as an in-tube solid-phase microextraction for the extraction of letrozole from plasma samples. The coating process on the inner surface of the stainless steel was conducted by a simple electrodeposition process. The coated composite was prepared from 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and graphene oxide. In this composite, graphene oxide acts as an anion dopant and sorbent. The coated nanostructured polymer was characterized using different techniques. The operational factors affecting the extraction process, including pH, adsorption, and desorption time, the recycling flow rate of the sample solution, sample volume, desorption solvent type and its volume, and ionic strength were optimized to achieve the best extraction efficiency of the analyte. The total extraction time including adsorption and desorption steps was about 15.0 min. The developed method demonstrated a linear range of 5.0-1500.0 μg/L with a limit of detection of 1.0 μg/L. The repeatability of the developed extraction approach in terms of intraday, interday, and fiber to fiber was attained in the range of 4.9-8.3%. After finding the optimal conditions, the potential of the described approach for letrozole quantitation was investigated in plasma samples, and satisfactory results were obtained.

On-Chip Electromembrane Surrounded Solid Phase Microextraction for Determination of Tricyclic Antidepressants from Biological Fluids Using Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)—Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite as a Fiber Coating

“…The PEDOT-GO nanocomposite was synthesized on the SPME fiber by an electrodeposition technique [32]. Before starting the electropolymerization process, the stainless steel fiber was immersed into the HCl solution (30%) for chemical etching for 30 min, and then was washed with distilled water, acetone, methanol, and acetonitrile, respectively.…”

“…The spectrum of PEDOT-GO indicates a combination of The chemical structures of the PEDOT-GO nanocomposite, PEDOT and GO, were assessed by FT-IR spectroscopy (Figure 4). The GO powder spectrum contains characteristic absorption bands at 3400, 1700, and 1039 cm −1 referred to O-H, C=O and C-O stretching vibrations, respectively [32]. In the spectrum of the PEDOT polymer, a strong absorption band at 3400 cm −1 related to the O-H stretching vibration, and 1575 and 1317 cm −1 are assigned to C=C asymmetric stretching and C-C stretching in the thiophene heterocycle, respectively.…”

Green Bioanalytical Applications of Graphene Oxide for the Extraction of Small Organic Molecules

“…Compared to polythiophene and GO coatings, the composite coating, exhibited long lifetime, good mechanical stability, as well as large specific surface area. A poly-ethylenedioxythiophene-GO electrodeposited coating fabricated on the inner surface of stainless steel tube has been also reported for the in-tube SPME of letrozole from plasma samples [ 50 ]. Also in this case, the GO acted both as anion dopant and as sorbent.…”

Preparation, evaluation, and application of dummy molecularly imprinted polymer for analysis of hesperidin in lime juice

“…In the recent years, SPE has attracted attention of scientists for pre‐concentration and clean‐up of the analytes from a complex matrix and removal of interfering compounds [10–14]. Unfortunately, the lack of selectivity of traditional sorbents for special analytes is most important shortcoming of SPE methods [15].…”