“…Previous studies − indicated that the Si 2p spectrum contains four distinct types of Si bonds located at approximately 101.8, 102.2, 103.2, and 104.4 eV (Figure c), which were assigned to the Si-O-Mn, Si-O-Mg, Si-O-Si, and Si-C groups, respectively. Additionally, after fitting the peak of O 1s depicted in Figure d, four components were discovered at 531.6 eV (P–O), 531.8 eV (C–O), 532.7 eV (Si–O), and 533.8 eV (Mg-O-Si/Mn-O-Si). − Notably, the peak of the oxygen of metal oxide, which generally appears at ∼530 eV, was not detected, indicating the presence of metal oxides in the coating. The P 2p peak was curve-fitted to two components at 133.5 and 135.1 eV, as shown in Figure e, corresponding to HPO 4 2– and PO 4 3– , respectively. , The primary and secondary peaks correspond to the Mn 2p 3/2 (642.1 eV) and Mn 2p 1/2 (652.9 eV) spin–orbit energy levels seen in the spectrum (Figure f).…”