Electrodeposition of Zn-Mn coatings on steel from 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide ionic liquid

Deposition of Zinc–Cerium Coatings from Deep Eutectic Ionic Liquids

“…The XPS spectrum shown in Figure 5 d indicates that cerium is still present, as Ce 2 O 3 , but only at high current density current zone, being undetectable as current density decreases in the Hull cell sample. The SEM analysis of this area, shows that practically only the deposition of zinc takes place, consequently the surface morphologies obtained present the characteristic electrodeposition of zinc ( Figure 4 g,h), where the particles form a homogeneous, compact and uniform coating with micro–crystals of hexagonal morphologies, similar to those reported in literature for Zn electrodeposition from ionic liquids [ 7 , 55 , 56 ]. These crystals appear to be larger at lower current density area of the hull sample.…”

“…One of the most common has been focused on the development of a variety of zinc alloys that contain small amounts of other elements to decrease the corrosion kinetics while retain the cathodic potential to the steel. For example, various zinc alloys have been developed and studied with manganese [ 7 ], nickel [ 1 ], cobalt [ 8 ], or iron [ 9 ], along with many others [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

“…To elude those problems, the use of ionic liquids (ILs) for the electrodeposition of metals and alloys is an excellent alternative to conventional aqueous baths [ 7 , 30 , 31 ], as well as for cerium species [ 32 , 33 ]. Ionic liquids are potential solvents for metal salts and have a wide electrochemical window, a high thermal and chemical stability, a low vapor pressure and an environmentally friendly behavior, among other characteristics [ 34 ].…”

The influence of glycerol as an additive in Zinc-Manganese alloy coatings formed by electrodeposition

“…Electrodeposited alloys of Zn-Mn are thermodynamically nobler and more durable than pure Zn coatings (Díaz-Arista et al, 2009;Touazi et al, 2016). These Zn-Mn alloys have been extensively studied (Bozzini et al, 2011;Bucko, Mišković-Stanković, Rogan, & Bajat, 2015;Bucko, Rogan, Stevanovic, Stankovic, & Bajat, 2013a;Close et al, 2016;Ganesan, Prabhu, & Popov, 2014;Griskonis, Fanigliulo, & Sulcius, 2002;Fashu et al, 2015;Marin-Sanchez, Ocon, Conde, & Garcia, 2014;Wykpis, Bierska-Piech, & Kubisztal, 2014) because they offer good corrosion resistance (Bozzini et al 1999;Claudel et al, 2019;Ganesan et al, 2014;Louki & Feki, 2017a, 2017b, weldability, paintability (Fashu et al, 2015), appearance (Silva, Schmitz, Spinelli, & Garcia, 2012), mechanical properties, particularly plasticity (Bozzini et al, 1999) as well as hardness, tensile and compressive strength and improved passivation behavior in chloride medium (Bozzini et al, 1999;Díaz-Arista et al, 2009;Bucko, Lacnjevac, & Bajat, 2013b). Furthermore, there is a particular interest in these Zn-Mn alloys in the automotive industry (Ananth & Parthasaradhy, 1996;Muller, Sarret, & Andreu, 2003a;2003b;Silva et al, 2012) and for steel cable and plate coatings because they offer better adhesion between steel and polymer blends and easy adhesion of paint-even when the Mn content is low (Bozzini et al, 1999).…”

“…Additives such as thiourea (Sulcius, Griskonis, & Diaz-Arista, 2009), selenous acid and ammonium selenate (Griskonis & Sulcius, 2005), sulphate, sulphate-citrate (Wilcox & Gabe, 1993;Bozzini et al, 2002), thiocarbamide (Bozzini et al, 2002), EDTA-citrate (Muller et al, 2003a;2003b), polyethylene glycol (Ortiz, Diaz-Arista, Meas, Ortega-Borges, & Trejo, 2009), cyanide, ammonium thiocyanate (Díaz-Arista et al, 2009;Ortiz et al, 2009;Close et al, 2016), fluoroborate (Bucko et al, 2011), chloride (Claudel et al 2019;Ganesan et al, 2014;Louki & Feki, 2017a, 2017bMarin-Sanchez et al, 2014;Sylla et al, 2005) and different solvents (Bucko et al, 2017(Bucko et al, ,2018Chung et al, 2008) have been shown to affect the manganese content in the electrodeposit (Wilcox & Gabe, 1993;Bucko et al, 2013a). Nevertheless, these electrolytes have limitations including instability (Brenner, 1963), toxicity (Wilcox & Gabe, 1993), corrosiveness and precipitation of the Mn (Bozzini et al, 1999;Bucko et al, 2015;Silva et al, 2012).…”