Electrodermal and heart‐rate measurements in chronic and partially remitted schizophrenic patients

Tarrier, Nicholas; Cooke, Elizabeth; Lader, Malcolm

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06905.x

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…None of these results appears to be due to antipsychotic or antidepressant drugs because comparisons between medicated and unmedicated subgroups within pathological samples revealed no reliable differences. This result is consistent with a now considerable literature for both schizophrenics (e.g., Bernstein, Pava, Riedel, Schnur, & Lubowsky, 1985; Bernstein et al, 1981; Gruzelier & Hammond, 1978; Straube, 1979; Tarrier, Cooke, & Lader, 1978) and depressives (e.g., Dawson, Schell, Braaten, & Catania, 1985; Iacono et al, 1983, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Schizophrenia is associated with altered orienting activity: Depression with electrodermal (cholinergic?) deficit and normal orienting response.

Bernstein¹,

Riedel²,

Graae³

et al. 1988

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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The import of a recent consensus that a distinctive subgroup of schizophrenics is marked by nonreactivity of the orienting response (OR) to innocuous stimuli has been made ambiguous by reports of similar nonreactivity among depressives. To test this, we studied 50 schizophrenics (14 drug free), 50 depressives (20 drug free), and 50 normal controls. Stimuli were 1000 Hz (60 dB) or 2000 Hz (58 dB) 1-s tones delivered either to the left or right ear. A subsample of each group was told they need do nothing during tone presentations (habituation series); other subsamples had to press a pedal for each designated target signal (left ear, right ear, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz), ignoring all nontarget tones. Skin conductance response (SCR) and finger pulse volume (FPV) analyses are reported. As in previous work, schizophrenics showed high nonresponding in the habituation series, consistent in both SCR and FPV, and they showed normalizing in both to target signals. Depressives were equally nonresponsive during the habituation series in SCR, but did not normalize to target signals and showed normal FPV response during both the habituation and target series. Whereas schizophrenic dysfunction reflected OR change, that of depressives seemed to reflect Cholinergic deficit but intact OR. This was associated with high retardation and low agitation ratings, but not with degree of depression on Hamilton or Zung scales. In addition, 10 largely remitted depressives showed the same pattern as did patients currently in a major depressive episode.The orienting response (OR), a system facilitating information intake, consists of a range of autonomic, skeletal muscle, and electroencephalogram (EEG) components including skin conductance response (SCR), finger-pulse volume constriction (FPV), pupillary dilation, alpha blockade, general decreases in muscle activity (Sokolov, 1963), cardiac deceleration (Graham & Clifton, 1966), as well as the P300 component of the evoked potential (Nash & Peralme, 1986;Roth, 1973). Recent study has linked the OR to the allocation of a limited-capacity central processor operating only after activation of an automatic, parallel-processing, preattentional system (Dawson, Schell, Beers, & Kelly, 1982;Ohman, 1979). Despite its relatively late onset in the information-processing sequence, OR-associated capacity allocation can occur quickly. For example, Filion, Dawson, and Schell (1986) recently reported a latency within 150 ms.The OR thus provides an index of important attentional processes-one that is physiologically denned. Both features are

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Schizophrenia is associated with altered orienting activity: Depression with electrodermal (cholinergic?) deficit and normal orienting response.

Bernstein¹,

Riedel²,

Graae³

et al. 1988

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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“…to the first tone and to the dishabituation tone), yielded differences between hands, neither in patients nor in controls. This result is in accordance with Tarrier, Cooke, and Lader (1978) who could not find evidence for bilateral EDA asymmetry in 18 partly remitted schizophrenics during 15 tone presentations (800 Hz, 85 dB). Additionally taking into account other conflicting results obtained with acute and chronic schizophrenic patients (summarized by Zahn, 1986), right-hand dominance of EDA cannot be regarded as a stable trait-like phenomenon in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Other Issues In Schizophrenia Research Related To Edasupporting

confidence: 92%

Electrodermal Activity

Boucsein

2012

1,619

1,589

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except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword to the Second EditionAs noted by David Lykken in the foreword to the first edition of this book, electrodermal activity was observed for the first time in Germany. A quartercentury later the scientific study of psychology also originated in Germany. Over time, however, the focus of psychological research, including the then new field of psychophysiology, shifted to the United States and Great Britain. This trend to the dominance of the United States and Great Britain was prolonged by the devastation of World War II and its aftermath in Germany (and elsewhere in continental Europe). Slowly at first and then more rapidly, German psychological science, including psychophysiology, recovered. For several decades German psychophysiologists have been a major force in psychophysiology. With the publication of the first English edition of this book in 1992, it became essential for electrodermal researchers worldwide again to learn from our German colleagues.When I came into psychophysiology in the mid-1960s, electrodermal activity was the most common system studied. Because of its popularity, a large literature had emerged on the physiological mechanisms producing these changes in the electrical properties of the skin and on the best methodology for recording them. Major reviews and/or chapters had been published or soon were to be published by Peter Venables and Irene Martin, Robert Edelberg, and David Lykken. Later reviews and articles were published by Venables and Margaret Christie, and by me. A chapter in 1990 by Michael Dawson, Anne Schell, and Diane Filion was especially noteworthy for its coverage of the psychological applications of electrodermal measures.Note that all these publications were journal articles and chapters and that most of them focused almost entirely on mechanisms and methodology. The publication of this book, first in German and then in English, provided the first book on electrodermal activity, and one that extensively covers psychological applications as well as mechanisms and methodology. Again to quote David Lykken back in 1992, "The return of German scholarship to what I shall loftily call the high table of psychophysiology is exemplified by this fine book, the most comprehensive treatise on the electrodermal system to appear in any language . . ." I completely agree with v that evaluation. Professor Boucsein's outstanding scholarship has produced a book of such breadth of coverage ...

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“…While the data of Iacono clearly support the continuing presence of schizophrenic psychophysiological anomalies beyond psychotic periods, a somewhat similar study by Tarrier, Cooke, and Lader (1978) obtained negative electrodermal results. These investigators measured electrodermal responses from 18 partially remitted schizophrenics (nearly three quarters of whom were receiving neuroleptic medications), 18 matched normal controls, and 10 chronic schizophrenic inpatients.…”

Section: Studies Of Remitted Schizophrenic Patientssupporting

confidence: 54%

“…The partially remitted schizophrenics studied in the laboratory by Tarrier, Cooke, and Lader (1978) also had been studied in their homes by Tarrier et al (1979). As described above, the laboratory test included electrodermal measures obtained during rest and presentation of tones.…”

Section: Studies Of Remitted Schizophrenic Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychophysiological Dysfunctions in the Developmental Course of Schizophrenic Disorders

Dawson¹,

Nuechterlein²

1984

Schizophrenia Bulletin

200

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Psychophysiological anomalies in symptomatic schizophrenic patients, remitted schizophrenic patients, and individuals at heightened risk for a schizophrenic disorder are reviewed with an emphasis on electrodermal anomalies. Two electrodermal anomalies are identified in different subgroups of symptomatic patients: (1) an abnormally high sympathetic arousal and (2) an abnormal absence of skin conductance orienting responses to innocuous environmental stimuli. The same two electrodermal anomalies also have been observed in remitted schizophrenic patients. Among high-risk individuals, the offspring of schizophrenic patients display abnormally high electrodermal responsiveness to aversive stimulation, whereas a substantial proportion of college students who score high on physical anhedonia (a putative risk factor for schizophrenia) exhibit skin conductance nonresponsiveness. Thus, heightened sensitivity to aversive stimulation appears to be associated with a genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia, while tonic hyperarousal , which occurs in subgroups of symptomatic and remitted schizophrenic patients, may reflect a later developmental consequence of the underlying vulnerability. Skin conductance nonresponsivity may represent a different developmental consequence associated with the same underlying vulnerability or it may represent a different type of vulnerability. Other psychophysiological anomalies also are promising indicators of the vulnerability to schizophrenia (e.g., deviant smooth pursuit eye movements, attenuated P300 component of the event-related brain potential, reduced electroencephalic (EEG) alpha activity, and heightened EEG delta activity).

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Electrodermal and heart‐rate measurements in chronic and partially remitted schizophrenic patients

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Schizophrenia is associated with altered orienting activity: Depression with electrodermal (cholinergic?) deficit and normal orienting response.

Schizophrenia is associated with altered orienting activity: Depression with electrodermal (cholinergic?) deficit and normal orienting response.

Electrodermal Activity

Psychophysiological Dysfunctions in the Developmental Course of Schizophrenic Disorders

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