Electrodialysis for the tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater: Efficiency of ion removal and ageing of ion exchange membranes

Gally, Caline R.; Benvenuti, Tatiane; Trindade, Carolina de Moraes da; Rodrigues, Marco Antônio Siqueira; Ferreira, Jane Zoppas; Pérez-Herranz, V.; Bernardes, Andréa Moura

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2018.07.052

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Isolation, purification, and concentration of these anions from municipal wastewater [33,34,35], animal waste [2,36], and sludge generated after its biological treatment [37,38] not only reduces the anthropogenic impact on the environment, but also allows for obtaining cheap fertilizers with simultaneous production of electricity [38]. It is important that the current efficiency in the recovery of phosphorus from solutions containing H 2 PO 4 − ions is significantly lower as compared to similar processes in the case of nitrates, chlorides, and other ions that do not undergo protonation–deprotonation reactions [2,34,39,40,41]. With an increasing potential drop, the phosphorus recovery efficiency from the desalination compartment first grows rapidly, but then remains unchanged over a wide range of voltages [23]; the recovery efficiency largely depends on the pH of the treated solution [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paltrinieri et al [42], using the material balance equations, came to the conclusion that electric current can be transported through AEMs by doubly charged HPO 4 2− anions, while the feed solution contains only an NaH 2 PO 4 solution, where only the singly charged H 2 PO 4 − anions are present. Note that, as a rule, when choosing a current mode, researchers are guided by the limiting current, i lim , which is found from the intersection of the tangents to the initial part and the inclined plateau of current–voltage characteristic (CVC) curves [34,40]. Another way to find i lim is through the use of the Cowan–Brown method [43] for CVC processing [44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partial Fluxes of Phosphoric Acid Anions through Anion-Exchange Membranes in the Course of NaH2PO4 Solution Electrodialysis

Rybalkina

Tsygurina

Melnikova

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Electrodialysis (ED) with ion-exchange membranes is a promising method for the extraction of phosphates from municipal and other wastewater in order to obtain cheap mineral fertilizers. Phosphorus is transported through an anion-exchange membrane (AEM) by anions of phosphoric acid. However, which phosphoric acid anions carry the phosphorus in the membrane and the boundary solution, that is, the mechanism of phosphorus transport, is not yet clear. Some authors report an unexpectedly low current efficiency of this process and high energy consumption. In this paper, we report the partial currents of H2PO4−, HPO42−, and PO43− through Neosepta AMX and Fujifilm AEM Type X membranes, as well as the partial currents of H2PO4− and H+ ions through a depleted diffusion layer of a 0.02 M NaH2PO4 feed solution measured as functions of the applied potential difference across the membrane under study. It was shown that the fraction of the current transported by anions through AEMs depend on the total current density/potential difference. This was due to the fact that the pH of the internal solution in the membrane increases with the growing current due to the increasing concentration polarization (a lower electrolyte concentration at the membrane surface leads to higher pH shift in the membrane). The HPO42− ions contributed to the charge transfer even when a low current passed through the membrane; with an increasing current, the contribution of the HPO42− ions grew, and when the current was about 2.5 ilimLev (ilimLev was the theoretical limiting current density), the PO43− ions started to carry the charge through the membrane. However, in the feed solution, the pH was 4.6 and only H2PO4− ions were present. When H2PO4− ions entered the membrane, a part of them transformed into doubly and triply charged anions; the H+ ions were released in this transformation and returned to the depleted diffusion layer. Thus, the phosphorus total flux, jP (equal to the sum of the fluxes of all phosphorus-bearing species) was limited by the H2PO4− transport from the bulk of feed solution to the membrane surface. The value of jP was close to ilimLev/F (F is the Faraday constant). A slight excess of jP over ilimLev/F was observed, which is due to the electroconvection and exaltation effects. The visualization showed that electroconvection in the studied systems was essentially weaker than in systems with strong electrolytes, such as NaCl.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial Fluxes of Phosphoric Acid Anions through Anion-Exchange Membranes in the Course of NaH2PO4 Solution Electrodialysis

Rybalkina

Tsygurina

Melnikova

et al. 2019

IJMS

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“…This difference could have been influenced by the prolonged course of the RO experiment. Diblíková et al or Gally et al showed that monovalent ions such as K + , Na + , and Cl − had the best transfer properties, with the highest flow through the membrane. Divalent and trivalent ions were desalted later than monovalent ions, with a lower flow rate than other ions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodialysis Application of the Ultrafiltration Permeate of Milk Before and After Reverse Osmosis

et al. 2019

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Ultrafiltered (UF) milk permeate was concentrated by reverse osmosis (RO). UF and UF + RO samples were then desalted by electrodialysis (ED) to three levels of desalination: 1, 2.5, and 4 % of ash in the dry matter. Ions were analyzed by a new high‐performance liquid chromatography method, which enables simultaneous estimation of cations and anions. ED of UF permeate has some advantages over that of UF + RO samples, including a shorter ED time and a higher average salt flow rate, but RO treatment of UF permeate before ED enables the processing of larger volumes of UF permeate. Therefore, ED of milk permeate, particularly after RO, improves the handling characteristics and may offer advantages for further processing of secondary dairy products.

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“…ED desalination was tested for 930 h during one year with a macrophytes pilot system effluent [418]. The conductivity reduced from~0.67 mS/cm to 0.2 mS/cm, obtaining an effluent appropriate for reuse (e.g., in cooling towers) with only slight fouling.…”

Section: Desalination Of Municipal Wwtp Effluentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodialysis Applications in Wastewater Treatment for Environmental Protection and Resources Recovery: A Systematic Review on Progress and Perspectives

et al. 2020

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This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies on electrodialysis (ED) applications in wastewater treatment, outlining the current status and the future prospect. ED is a membrane process of separation under the action of an electric field, where ions are selectively transported across ion-exchange membranes. ED of both conventional or unconventional fashion has been tested to treat several waste or spent aqueous solutions, including effluents from various industrial processes, municipal wastewater or salt water treatment plants, and animal farms. Properties such as selectivity, high separation efficiency, and chemical-free treatment make ED methods adequate for desalination and other treatments with significant environmental benefits. ED technologies can be used in operations of concentration, dilution, desalination, regeneration, and valorisation to reclaim wastewater and recover water and/or other products, e.g., heavy metal ions, salts, acids/bases, nutrients, and organics, or electrical energy. Intense research activity has been directed towards developing enhanced or novel systems, showing that zero or minimal liquid discharge approaches can be techno-economically affordable and competitive. Despite few real plants having been installed, recent developments are opening new routes for the large-scale use of ED techniques in a plethora of treatment processes for wastewater.

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Electrodialysis for the tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater: Efficiency of ion removal and ageing of ion exchange membranes

Cited by 41 publications

References 28 publications

Partial Fluxes of Phosphoric Acid Anions through Anion-Exchange Membranes in the Course of NaH2PO4 Solution Electrodialysis

Partial Fluxes of Phosphoric Acid Anions through Anion-Exchange Membranes in the Course of NaH2PO4 Solution Electrodialysis

Electrodialysis Application of the Ultrafiltration Permeate of Milk Before and After Reverse Osmosis

Electrodialysis Applications in Wastewater Treatment for Environmental Protection and Resources Recovery: A Systematic Review on Progress and Perspectives

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