Electrodialysis of model salt solution containing whey proteins: Enhancement by pulsed electric field and modified cell configuration

Impact of pulsed electric field on electrodialysis process performance and membrane fouling during consecutive demineralization of a model salt solution containing a high magnesium/calcium ratio

“…ED was carried out in batch process using a constant current density of 40 mA/cm 2 generated by a Xantrex power supply (Model HPD 60-5SX; Burnaby, BC, Canada) with a maximum voltage capacity of 62.5 V. The current density value was chosen in order to explore a possible fouling mitigation at a higher current density and to compare the fouling evolution under PEF conditions with what was reported by Casademont et al [21]. ED treatments were performed by the application of a dc current regime and compared with pulsed modes of current (Ton/Toff = 10 s/10 s (PEF ratio 1), Ton/Toff = 10 s/33.3 s (PEF ratio 0.3)).…”

“…ED treatments were performed by the application of a dc current regime and compared with pulsed modes of current (Ton/Toff = 10 s/10 s (PEF ratio 1), Ton/Toff = 10 s/33.3 s (PEF ratio 0.3)). The pulse modes were selected to compare and evaluate the fouling mitigation achieved by Ruiz et al [15] and Casademont et al [21] using a higher current density and as a first step to find an optimal PEF condition for the enhancement of ED performances. The model salt solution was composed of Na 2 CO 3 (1000 mg/L), KCl (800 mg/L), CaCl 2 (800 mg/ L), and MgCl 2 (452 mg/L) to respect a Mg/Ca ratio of 2/5, this one higher than the one contained in milk [24], but reported as leading to a significant fouling formation [23].…”

“…Several studies have been carried out in model salt solutions containing approaches to the milk mineral composition [3,[16][17][18][19][20], such as mixtures of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate and also the addition of magnesium chloride [20,21]. These studies have continuously reported an undesirable mineral fouling formation on CEMs and AEMs [20,22], mainly when using solutions containing a high Mg/Ca ratio such as in milk [23], hindering the good performance of ED processes, especially when using a basified concentrate solution [20].…”

“…These studies have continuously reported an undesirable mineral fouling formation on CEMs and AEMs [20,22], mainly when using solutions containing a high Mg/Ca ratio such as in milk [23], hindering the good performance of ED processes, especially when using a basified concentrate solution [20]. In a recent study with the application of PEFs, Casademont et al [21] minimized the mineral fouling formation on CEM during ED of model salt solutions with casein, enhancing the demineralization rate and observing lower energy consumption.…”

Screening of in vitro bioactivities of a soy protein hydrolysate separated by hollow fiber and spiral-wound ultrafiltration membranes

“…The nebulization room was a cyclonic one, equipped with a Meinhard C type nebuliser. The wavelengths used to determine the concentrations of sodium, potassium, phosphorous, magnesium, copper and calcium were 589.592, 766.490, 213.617, 285.219, 327.393, 317.933 nm, respectively (Bazinet et al, 2000;Casademont, Sistat, Ruiz, Pourcelly, & Bazinet, 2009;Murillo et al, 1999). Analyses were subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), using SigmaPlot software (Version 11, Systat, Chicago, IL).…”