Electrodialysis treatment of secondary steam condensate obtained during production of ammonium nitrate. Technical and economic analysis

Melnikov, Stanislav; Loza, S. A.; Sharafan, M. V.; Zabolotsky, V. I.

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2015.11.025

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Profiling results in an increase in the active surface area both due to the increase the surface area itself and by reducing the polyethylene coating area. The presence of a profile on the membrane surface significantly reduces both the diffusion path length and the effective thickness of the diffusion layer due to the optimization of hydrodynamic conditions [ 257 , 258 , 259 , 262 , 263 , 264 ]. The appearance of the tangential component of the electric force acting on the space charge of the solution at the surface of the protrusions results in an increase in electroconvection.…”

Section: Membranes With Modified Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Selectivity of Transport Processes in Ion-Exchange Membranes: Relationship with the Structure and Methods for Its Improvement

Стенина

Голубенко

Nikonenko

et al. 2020

IJMS

127

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Nowadays, ion-exchange membranes have numerous applications in water desalination, electrolysis, chemistry, food, health, energy, environment and other fields. All of these applications require high selectivity of ion transfer, i.e., high membrane permselectivity. The transport properties of ion-exchange membranes are determined by their structure, composition and preparation method. For various applications, the selectivity of transfer processes can be characterized by different parameters, for example, by the transport number of counterions (permselectivity in electrodialysis) or by the ratio of ionic conductivity to the permeability of some gases (crossover in fuel cells). However, in most cases there is a correlation: the higher the flux density of the target component through the membrane, the lower the selectivity of the process. This correlation has two aspects: first, it follows from the membrane material properties, often expressed as the trade-off between membrane permeability and permselectivity; and, second, it is due to the concentration polarization phenomenon, which increases with an increase in the applied driving force. In this review, both aspects are considered. Recent research and progress in the membrane selectivity improvement, mainly including a number of approaches as crosslinking, nanoparticle doping, surface modification, and the use of special synthetic methods (e.g., synthesis of grafted membranes or membranes with a fairly rigid three-dimensional matrix) are summarized. These approaches are promising for the ion-exchange membranes synthesis for electrodialysis, alternative energy, and the valuable component extraction from natural or waste-water. Perspectives on future development in this research field are also discussed.

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Section: Membranes With Modified Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Selectivity of Transport Processes in Ion-Exchange Membranes: Relationship with the Structure and Methods for Its Improvement

Стенина

Голубенко

Nikonenko

et al. 2020

IJMS

127

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“…It has been established that with the growth of the time ofresin milling, the fraction of ion-exchangers on the surface of the swollen membranes decreases by 7% (Figure 5a). Earlier [40,41] it was found that the resin fractionon the surface of commercially manufactured "MEGA" a.s. Ralex membranes in the swollen state is 25-30%.…”

Section: Surface Morphology Of Heterogeneous Membranes With Differentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Ralex Membrane Morphology by SEM

et al. 2019

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A comparative analysis of the effect of the manufacturing technology of heterogeneousion-exchange membranes Ralex CM Pes manufactured by MEGA a.s. (Czech Republic) on the structural properties of their surface and cross section by SEM was carried out. The CM Pes membrane is a composite of a sulfonated ion-exchanger with inert binder of polyethylene and reinforcing polyester fiber. In the manufacture of membranes Ralex the influence of two factors was investigated. First, the time of ion-exchange grain millingvaried at a constant resin/polyethylene ratio. Second, the ratio of the cation-exchanger and the inert binder of polyethylene varied. It has been found that the membrane surface becomes more electrically homogeneous with the growth of the ion-exchanger loading and a decrease in its particle size. With an increase in the milling time of resin grainsfrom 5 to 80 min a more than 1.5-fold decrease in their radius and in the distance between them was revealed.Besides, there is a 1.5-fold decrease in the fraction, as well as in the size of pores and structure defects. The fraction of the ion-exchange phase on the membrane surface decreases by 7%. With an increase in the resin loading from 45 to 70 wt %, the growth of the fraction of conducting regions on the surface is almost twofold, while their sizes remain practically unchanged. More significant changes in the surface structure of the studied membranes are established in comparison with the cross section. An increase in the resin content in the membranes from 45 to 70 wt % corresponds to a 43% increment of its fraction on the cross-section.The increase in the ion-exchanger content of Ralex membranes is accompanied by the growth of the fraction of macropores and structure defects on the membrane surface by 70% and a twofold decrease in the distance between conducting zones.

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“…To ensure the mechanical strength, the membrane is reinforced with a nylon mesh. MK-40 membranes are used in the electrodialysis concentration and demineralization of electrolyte solutions [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. The closest analog of this membrane is the Ralex-CMH membrane produced by MEGA a.s. (Straz pod Ralskem, Czech Republic).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Surface Modification of MK-40 Membrane with Polyaniline on Scale Formation under Electrodialysis

et al. 2020

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A comprehensive study of the polyaniline influence on mineral scaling on the surface of the heterogeneous MK-40 sulfocationite membrane under electrodialysis has been conducted. Current-voltage curves and chronopotentiograms have been obtained and analyzed for the pristine MK-40 membrane and the MK-40 membrane which is surface-modified by polyaniline. The study of the electrochemical behavior of membranes has been accompanied by the simultaneous control of the pH of the solution outcoming from the desalination compartment. The mixture of Na2CO3, KCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 is used as a model salt solution. Two limiting states are observed on the current-voltage curve of the surface-modified membrane. There is the first pseudo-limiting state in the range of small values of the potential drop. The second limiting current is comparable with that of the limiting current for the pristine membrane. It is shown that chronopotentiometry cannot be used as a self-sufficient method for membrane scaling identification on the surface-modified membrane at high currents. A mineral scale on the surfaces of the studied membranes has been found by scanning electron microscopy. The amount of precipitate is higher in the case of the surface-modified membrane compared with the pristine one.

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Electrodialysis treatment of secondary steam condensate obtained during production of ammonium nitrate. Technical and economic analysis

Cited by 38 publications

References 27 publications

Selectivity of Transport Processes in Ion-Exchange Membranes: Relationship with the Structure and Methods for Its Improvement

Selectivity of Transport Processes in Ion-Exchange Membranes: Relationship with the Structure and Methods for Its Improvement

A Study of Ralex Membrane Morphology by SEM

Influence of Surface Modification of MK-40 Membrane with Polyaniline on Scale Formation under Electrodialysis

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