Electrodialytic desalting of model concentrated NaCl brines as such or enriched with a non-electrolyte osmotic component

Fidaleo, Marcello; Moresi, Mauro

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2010.10.069

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Since the fitted parameters required for the model were not known a priori, we considered values from the literature for similar ED experiments (Table D.1). Furthermore, in practice, an ED system operator may choose to run the stacks with a lower concentrate Ls 5:02 Â 10 À8 m/s [42] ram; rcm 6.0 X cm 2 [42] r 0.69 [31] Solution properties D 1:61 Â 10 À9 m 2 /s [33] tcu 0.5 [43] Flow properties/geometry h 0.7 mm -Am 271 cm 2 -ncp 17 -V circ 0.5367 L -Sh 20 [42] Operational conditions…”

Section: A1 Determination Of the Concentrate Salinity In Each Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

On the cost of electrodialysis for the desalination of high salinity feeds

et al. 2014

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We propose the use of electrodialysis to desalinate produced waters from shale formations in order to facilitate water reuse in subsequent hydraulic fracturing processes. We focus on establishing the energy and equipment size required for the desalination of feed waters containing total dissolved solids of up to 192,000 ppm, and we do this by experimentally replicating the performance of a 10-stage electrodialysis system. We find that energy requirements are similar to current vapour compression desalination processes for feedwaters ranging between roughly 40,000-90,000 TDS, but we project water costs to potentially be lower. We also find that the cost per unit salt removed is significantly lower when removed from a high salinity stream as opposed to a low salinity stream, pointing towards the potential of ED to operate as a partial desalination process for high salinity waters. We then develop a numerical model for the system, validate it against experimental results and use this model to minimise salt removal costs by optimising the stack voltage. We find that the higher the salinity of the water from which salt is removed the smaller should be the ratio of the electrical current to its limiting value. We conclude, on the basis of energy and equipment costs, that electrodialysis processes are potentially feasible for the desalination of high salinity waters but require further investigation of robustness to fouling under field conditions.

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Section: A1 Determination Of the Concentrate Salinity In Each Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

On the cost of electrodialysis for the desalination of high salinity feeds

et al. 2014

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“…and Moresi [18], and McGovern et al [19] are then applied to each stack. Membrane properties, flow rates and cell pair parameters are also taken from Fidaleo and Moresi [18] and are provided in Appendix B.…”

Section: The Rationale For Hybridising Electrodialysis With Reverse Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Membrane properties, flow rates and cell pair parameters are also taken from Fidaleo and Moresi [18] and are provided in Appendix B. The process is designed and costed according to the following specifications and assumptions:…”

Section: The Rationale For Hybridising Electrodialysis With Reverse Omentioning

confidence: 99%

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The benefits of hybridising electrodialysis with reverse osmosis

McGovern

Zubair

Lienhard

2014

Journal of Membrane Science

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A cost analysis reveals that hybridisation of electrodialysis with reverse osmosis is only justified if the cost of water from the reverse osmosis unit is less than 40% of that from a standalone electrodialysis system. In such cases the additional reverse osmosis costs justify the electrodialysis cost savings brought about by shifting salt removal to higher salinity, where current densities are higher and equipment costs lower. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that a simple hybrid configuration is more cost effective than a recirculated hybrid, a simple hybrid being one where the reverse osmosis concentrate is fed to the electrodialysis stack and the products from both units are blended, and a recirculated being one hybrid involving recirculation of the electrodialysis product back to the reverse osmosis unit. The underlying rationale is that simple hybridisation shifts salt removal away from the lowest salinity zone of operation, where salt removal is most expensive. Further shifts in the salinity at which salt is removed, brought about by recirculation, do not justify the associated increased costs of reverse osmosis.

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“…A great number of works are devoted to theoretical studies of transfer processes through ion exchange membranes based on the NernstPlanck equation [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. On the other hand, some modeling is based on solving a steady-state convective diffusion equation for the laminar flow regime [26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%