Electrodimerization of acrylonitrile with a rotating rod electrode

Li, Bo Yi; Huang, Wei Fan; Yang, Ming

doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2020.09.029

Cited by 6 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In other words, a low concentration and mass transfer rate of AN favored PN production. 3,11,12,16 Although the selectivity for the desired ADN was a relatively weak function of dimensionless time, the highest selectivity for ADN, 70%, was from a dimensionless time of 0.25 and 3000 rpm. Higher current efficiency occurred because of side reactions on the cathode.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,5 During electrolysis, oxygen evolves as the major product on the anode, while hydrogen is a minor product on the cathode. 8,12,13 The electrolyte always contains crucial quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), which are adsorbed on the surface of the cathode and affect the properties of the electric double layer. 10,14,15 There is evidence that the long alkyl chains in QAS may increase the affinity of the quaternary ammonium ion to AN, 14 drain the water from the electrode surface, reduce the generation of hydrogen, increase the AN concentration near the electric double layer, stabilize the reaction intermediates, 10 improve the selectivity for ADN, and inhibit the generation of PN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A rotating rod electrode (RRE) is a simple and effective tool for the study of ADN electrosynthesis detailed in our previous report. 12 velocity on the rotating electrode is closely related to the electrolyte velocity in a flow system. A rotating cylindrical electrode (RCE) is a device with an electrode surrounded by another electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The acrylonitrile anion intermediate is reduced to PN and then combines with acrylonitrile to form MGN. The adiponitrile anion intermediate is reduced to ADN or reduced to trimer by combining with acrylonitrile. ,, In addition, acrylonitrile itself can be hydrolyzed in water to produce 3-hydroxypropionitrile (HOPN), propionitrile ether (ODPN), acrylamide (AC), and acrylic acid (ACA). , During electrolysis, oxygen evolves as the major product on the anode, while hydrogen is a minor product on the cathode. ,, The electrolyte always contains crucial quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), which are adsorbed on the surface of the cathode and affect the properties of the electric double layer. ,, There is evidence that the long alkyl chains in QAS may increase the affinity of the quaternary ammonium ion to AN, drain the water from the electrode surface, reduce the generation of hydrogen, increase the AN concentration near the electric double layer, stabilize the reaction intermediates, improve the selectivity for ADN, and inhibit the generation of PN …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mass transport of AN onto the cathode plays a vital role in ADN production. ,,, The current efficiency and selectivity for ADN increase with the mass transport of AN. The electrolyte flowing through channels at a high velocity, 1–3 m s –1 , providing fast mass transport, is a method applied in commercial processes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrosynthesis of Adiponitrile with a Rotating Cylindrical Electrode

Huang

Yang

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Adiponitrile (ADN) is an important chemical raw material used in the production of nylon 66 that can be synthesized from acrylonitrile (AN) through cathodic hydrodimerization. This is the first time that a rotating cylindrical electrode (RCE) has been used in the electrosynthesis of ADN. The RCE provides turbulence to promote the mass transfer of AN for ADN formation. This report studied the effects of geometric parameters, including electrode radii and length, on the selectivity, current efficiency, AN utilization, and yield. Among the selected cell geometric parameters, the cathode radius had a major effect, the electrode length had a strong effect, and the electrode spacing had a minor effect. Higher turbulence, due to a larger cathode radius, longer electrode length, and smaller electrode spacing, produced ADN more efficiently. The highest yield among the results was 0.33 g cm–2 h–1 with the highest current efficiency of 82% at a dimensionless time of 0.5 and a cathode rotation rate of 3000 rpm.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrosynthesis of Adiponitrile with a Rotating Cylindrical Electrode

Huang

Yang

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Symmetrical Ionic Liquids Effectively Promote the Electrolytic Dimerization of Acrylonitrile to Adiponitrile

Xu,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The electrochemical dimerization of acrylonitrile (AN) to adiponitrile (ADN) is an essential process for nylon-66 production, but this process still faces many challenges such as low energy conversion efficiency and poor selectivity. Herein, various ionic liquids (ILs) were used as electrolyte additives to evaluate their effects on the electrochemical dimerization of AN. The addition of IL significantly enhanced the performance of the electrolytic reaction and inhibited the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The electrolyte containing Tetrabutylphosphonium bromide (TBPB) showed the highest faraday efficiency of adiponitrile (FEADN) of 84.5% and excellent stability at an optimal current density of 200 mA cm–2. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that TBPB was uniformly dispersed in the electrolyte and formed a “long brush” hydrophobic layer with appropriate wettability on the electrodes. Moreover, it was observed that ILs with a more symmetrical cationic structure exhibited a better hydrophobic layer effect, favoring the dimerization of AN to ADN.

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Metal–Organic Framework-Derived Electrocatalysts Competent for the Conversion of Acrylonitrile to Adiponitrile

Wang

Yen

Huang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Electrochemical conversion of acrylonitrile (AN) to produce adiponitrile (ADN), the raw material for the production of Nylon 66, has become a crucial process owing to the increasing market demand of Nylon 66. Although the metallic Pb or Cd electrodes are commonly used for this reaction, the use of electrocatalysts or electrodes modified with catalysts has been barely investigated. In this study, nanoporous and electrically conductive metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived materials composed of Pb, PbO, and carbon are synthesized by carbonizing a Pb-based MOF through thermal treatments, and these MOF-derived materials are served as electrocatalysts for the electrosynthesis of ADN. The crystallinity, morphology, elemental composition, porosity, electrical conductivity, and electrochemically active surface area of each MOF-derived material are investigated. Mass-transport-corrected Tafel analysis is used to probe the enhanced kinetics for the electrochemical reduction of AN occurring at the electrode modified with the MOF-derived material. Electrolytic experiments at various applied potentials are conducted to quantify the production rate and Faradaic efficiency toward ADN, and the result shows that the MOF-derived materials can act as electrocatalysts to initiate the electrochemical reduction of AN to produce ADN at a reduced overpotential. The optimal MOF-derived electrocatalyst can achieve a Faradaic efficiency of 67% toward ADN at an applied potential of −0.85 V versus reversible hydrogen electrodea much lower overpotential compared to that typically required for this reaction without the use of catalysts. Findings here shed light on the design and development of advanced electrocatalysts to boost the performances for the electrosynthesis of ADN.

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Electrodimerization of acrylonitrile with a rotating rod electrode

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Electrosynthesis of Adiponitrile with a Rotating Cylindrical Electrode

Electrosynthesis of Adiponitrile with a Rotating Cylindrical Electrode

Symmetrical Ionic Liquids Effectively Promote the Electrolytic Dimerization of Acrylonitrile to Adiponitrile

Metal–Organic Framework-Derived Electrocatalysts Competent for the Conversion of Acrylonitrile to Adiponitrile

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