Electroencephalogram and Alzheimer’s Disease: Clinical and Research Approaches

Tsolaki, Anthoula; Kazis, Dimitrios; Kompatsiaris, Ioannis; Kosmidou, Vasiliki; Tsolaki, Magda

doi:10.1155/2014/349249

Cited by 71 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…Consequently, EEG markers may be more sensitive than structural MRI markers (which measures volume of neurons) at early stages in the disease process (Babiloni et al, 2016). Abnormal EEG patterns in dementia are well-documented (Tsolaki, Kazis, Kompatsiaris, Kosmidou, & Tsolaki, 2014). Typically, people with AD exhibit an increase in slow wave activity; that is, greater activity in lower frequency bands such as delta (1-4 Hz) and theta (4-8 Hz) and reduced activity in higher frequency bands such as alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) (Musaeus et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of resting state EEG and structural MRI for classifying Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

Farina

Emek‐Savaş

Rueda‐Delgado

et al. 2019

Preprint

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AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by severe cognitive decline and loss of autonomy. AD is the leading cause of dementia. AD is preceded by mild cognitive impairment (MCI). By 2050, 68% of new dementia cases will occur in low- and middle-income countries. In the absence of objective biomarkers, psychological assessments are typically used to diagnose MCI and AD. However, these require specialist training and rely on subjective judgements. The need for low-cost, accessible and objective tools to aid AD and MCI diagnosis is therefore crucial. Electroencephalography (EEG) has potential as one such tool: it is relatively inexpensive (cf. magnetic resonance imaging; MRI) and is portable. In this study, we collected resting state EEG, structural MRI and rich neuropsychological data from older adults (55+ years) with AD, with MCI and from healthy controls (n~60 per group). Our goal was to evaluate the utility of EEG, relative to MRI, for the classification of MCI and AD. We also assessed the performance of combined EEG and behavioural (Mini-Mental State Examination; MMSE) and structural MRI classification models. Resting state EEG classified AD and HC participants with moderate accuracy (AROC=0.76), with lower accuracy when distinguishing MCI from HC participants (AROC=0.67). The addition of EEG data to MMSE scores had no additional value compared to MMSE alone. Structural MRI out-performed EEG (AD vs HC, AD vs MCI: AROCs=1.00; HC vs MCI: AROC=0.73). Resting state EEG does not appear to be a suitable tool for classifying AD. However, EEG classification accuracy was comparable to structural MRI when distinguishing MCI from healthy aging, although neither were sufficiently accurate to have clinical utility. This is the first direct comparison of EEG and MRI as classification tools in AD and MCI participants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of resting state EEG and structural MRI for classifying Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

Farina

Emek‐Savaş

Rueda‐Delgado

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…EEG recordings can be led while a patient is inside the MR scanner. EEG and fMRI are utilized together, for occurrence, to restrict where in the cerebrum a seizure begins and where it spreads from that point [25,26] …”

Section: Electro Encephalon Graphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development in diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Kumar¹

2016

IOSRPHR

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ABSTRACT:-The decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis can lead to development of Alzheimer disease (AD), yet various hypothesis suggest that AD patient have increased neurogenesis in the region 1 of hippocampus proper (CA1 region). Ammon"s horn (the principle region of Alzheimer"s pathology) has been found to be involved in neuronal loss however the exact nature of neurogenesis is unknown. Insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1 are associated with an increased risk of developing AD) stimulates neurogenesis to produce major change in hippocampal plasticity and seems to be involved in Alzheimer"s pathology. Allopregnanolone, a neurosteroid, aids in continued neurogenesis in the brain. Levels of allopregnanolone in the brain decline in old age and Alzheimer"s disease Allopregnanolone acts by reversing neurogenesis impairment thus preventing cognitive deficitis of AD disease in various mouse models. Ephirin signaling pathway has been shown to regulate neurogenesis in the hippocampus and have been studied as potential target to treat some symptoms of AD. Molecule associated with the pathology of AD, including Apo lipoprotein (ApoE), presenilin genesPSI,PS2 and APP have also been found to impact adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Detection and diagnosis of AD is done by variety of neuro-psychatic and imaging techniques. Psychological, behavioral, cognitive, holistic and humanistic therapy approaches are used for its treatment.

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“…This is the reason why some clinicians recommend that all AD patients be studied at least once by EEG as well as by MRI. 27 There is a big correlation of EEG findings with other reliable biomarkers such as sMRI, even in MCI patients. Moretti et al 28 in their recent study showed that MCI subjects with higher a3/a2 ratios when compared with subjects with lower and middle a3/a2 ratios showed minor atrophy in the ventral stream of the basal ganglia (head of the caudate nuclei and accumbens nuclei bilaterally) and of the pulvinar nuclei in the thalamus.…”

Section: Electroencephalogrammentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical workout for the early detection of cognitive decline and dementia

Tsolaki

2014

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Aging is the major risk factor for the development of human neurodegenerative maladies such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases (PDs) and prion disorders, all of which stem from toxic protein aggregation. All of these diseases are correlated with cognitive decline. Cognitive Decline is a dynamic state from normal cognition of aging to dementia. According to the original criteria for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) (1984), a clinical diagnosis was possible only when someone was already demented. The prevalence rates of Cognitive Decline (mild cognitive impairment plus dementia) are very high now and will be higher in future because of the increasing survival time of people. Many neurological and psychiatric diseases are correlated with cognitive decline. Diagnosis of cognitive decline is mostly clinical (clinical criteria), but there are multiple biomarkers that could help us mostly in research programs such as short or long, paper and pencil or computerized neuropsychological batteries for cognition, activities of daily living and behavior, electroencephalograph, event-related potentials, and imaging-structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional (fMRI, Pittsburgh bound positron emission tomography, FDG-PET, single photon emission computerized tomography and imaging of tau pathology)-cerebrospinal fluid proteins (Abeta, tau and phospho-tau in AD and α-synuclein (αSyn) for PD). Blood biomarkers need more studies to confirm their usefulness. Genetic markers are also studied but until now are not used in clinical praxis. Finally, in everyday clinical praxis and in research workout for early detection of cognitive decline, the combination of biomarkers is useful.

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Electroencephalogram and Alzheimer’s Disease: Clinical and Research Approaches

Cited by 71 publications

References 93 publications

A comparison of resting state EEG and structural MRI for classifying Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

A comparison of resting state EEG and structural MRI for classifying Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

Development in diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Clinical workout for the early detection of cognitive decline and dementia

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