Electroencephalographic Findings in Myasthenia Gravis

Hokkanen, E.; Toivakka, E.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1969.tb01266.x

Cited by 31 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Some reported memory difficulties and other cognitive dysfunction [17][18][19][20][21] and electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities. [22][23][24] In contrast, others reported lack of neuropsychological impairments, normal intelligence, attention, memory and motor performance with MG. [25][26][27] The exact mechanisms of the co-morbid cognitive dysfunction in patients with MG are unknown. The most likely suggested mechanism is central cholinergic deficiency due to the involvement of central neuronal nAChRs and other cholinergic nervous systems and pathways by the immune-mediated processes of MG. [20,[28][29][30] However, controversial views suggest that the co-morbid nervous system manifestations with MG may result from nonspecific mechanisms as complications of MG, which include respiratory impairment, sleep apnea and hypoxia, [31][32][33] mental fatigue, [26,27,34] adverse effects from medications used for treatment of MG and mood disorder.…”

Section: Assessment Of Cognitive Function In Patients With Myastheniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of cognitive function in patients with myasthenia gravis

Hamed¹,

Youssef²,

ElHameed³

et al. 2014

Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation

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During the past decade, there has been an increasing interest in the evaluation of cognitive function in myasthenia gravis (MG), neuromuscular transmission disorder caused by acetylcholine receptor auto-antibodies. However, the results of previous studies on cognition and MG are inconsistent and controversial. This study aimed to evaluate cognition in patients with mild/moderate grades of MG. Methods: This study included 20 patients with MG with a mean age of 28.45 ± 8.89 years and duration of illness of 3.52 ± 1.15 years. Cognition was tested using a sensitive battery of psychometric testing (Mini-mental State Examination [MMSE], Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale 4 th edition [SBIS] and Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised [WMS-R]) and by recording P300 component of event-related potentials (ERPs), a neurophysiological analog for cognitive function. Results: Compared with healthy subjects (n = 20), patients had lower total scores of cognitive testing (MMSE, SBIS and WMS-R) (P = 0.001), higher Beck Depression Inventory 2 nd edition scores (P = 0.0001) and prolonged latencies (P = 0.01) and reduced amplitudes (P = 0.001) of P300 component of ERPs. Correlations were identified between total scores of cognitive testing and age (r =-0.470, P = 0.010), duration of illness (r =-0.788, P = 0.001) and depression scores (r =-0.323, P = 0.045). Using linear regression analysis and after controlling for age and depression scores, a significant correlation was identified between total scores of cognitive testing and duration of illness (β =-0.305, P = 0.045). Conclusion: Patients with mild/moderate MG may have cognitive dysfunction. This is important to determine prognosis and managing patients.

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Section: Assessment Of Cognitive Function In Patients With Myastheniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of cognitive function in patients with myasthenia gravis

Hamed¹,

Youssef²,

ElHameed³

et al. 2014

Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation

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show abstract

“…Despite this perspective, there is support for the concept that MG may influence CNS cholinergic processes. Thus, electroencephalographic studies show abnormalities in MG patients [12] , as well as in animals with experimental autoimmune MG [13] . Prolonged latencies and decreased amplitudes in visual and auditory evoked potentials have been consistently reported [14] , [15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Profound Olfactory Dysfunction in Myasthenia Gravis

et al. 2012

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In this study we demonstrate that myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disease strongly identified with deficient acetylcholine receptor transmission at the post-synaptic neuromuscular junction, is accompanied by a profound loss of olfactory function. Twenty-seven MG patients, 27 matched healthy controls, and 11 patients with polymiositis, a disease with peripheral neuromuscular symptoms analogous to myasthenia gravis with no known central nervous system involvement, were tested. All were administered the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and the Picture Identification Test (PIT), a test analogous in content and form to the UPSIT designed to control for non-olfactory cognitive confounds. The UPSIT scores of the myasthenia gravis patients were markedly lower than those of the age- and sex-matched normal controls [respective means (SDs) = 20.15 (6.40) & 35.67 (4.95); p<0.0001], as well as those of the polymiositis patients who scored slightly below the normal range [33.30 (1.42); p<0.0001]. The latter finding, along with direct monitoring of the inhalation of the patients during testing, implies that the MG-related olfactory deficit is unlikely due to difficulties sniffing, per se. All PIT scores were within or near the normal range, although subtle deficits were apparent in both the MG and PM patients, conceivably reflecting influences of mild cognitive impairment. No relationships between performance on the UPSIT and thymectomy, time since diagnosis, type of treatment regimen, or the presence or absence of serum anti-nicotinic or muscarinic antibodies were apparent. Our findings suggest that MG influences olfactory function to the same degree as observed in a number of neurodegenerative diseases in which central nervous system cholinergic dysfunction has been documented.

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“…For instance, old studies reported increased incidence of epilepsy and electrophysiological changes in patients with MG 3,4 . Sleep disorders and memory impairment have also been described in MG, as the cholinergic system plays a major role in these functions 5,6 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Psychiatric disorders in myasthenia gravis

Ybarra

Kümmer²,

Frota³

et al. 2011

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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Objective: To investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Method: Forty-one patients with MG answered to a structured psychiatric interview (MINI-Plus). Results: Eleven (26.1%) patients were diagnosed with a depressive disorder and 19 (46.3%) were diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Patients with dysthymia were older (p=0.029) and had longer disease duration (p=0.006). Patients with social phobia also had longer disease duration (p=0.039). Conclusion: Psychiatric disorders in MG are common, especially depressive and anxiety disorders.

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Electroencephalographic Findings in Myasthenia Gravis

Cited by 31 publications

References 13 publications

Assessment of cognitive function in patients with myasthenia gravis

Assessment of cognitive function in patients with myasthenia gravis

Profound Olfactory Dysfunction in Myasthenia Gravis

Psychiatric disorders in myasthenia gravis

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