Electroencephalography (EEG): An Introductory Text and Atlas of Normal and Abnormal Findings in Adults, Children, and Infants

Using Graph Theory to Assess the Interaction between Cerebral Function, Brain Hemodynamics, and Systemic Variables in Premature Infants

“…The EEG was measured between the C3 and C4 electrodes according to the international 10-20 system with a sampling frequency of 100 Hz (Olympic Cerebral Function Monitor 6000, Natus). EEG segments with impedance values exceeding 10 kΩ were removed from the raw EEG signal [28]. In addition, movement artifacts identified as rapid changes in the impedance measurement were detected and also removed from the raw EEG signal.…”

Frequency-temporal characteristics of sleep spindles in IGE with variable phenotypes in adults

“…Выделение фрагментов, содержащих веретена сна, проводили на участках ЭЭГ свободных от ИЭА. ИЭА квалифицировали согласно общепринятой классификации [16]. ИЭА (комплексы «пик -волна», «полипикволна» и ритмические вспышки комплексов «пик -волна») выявляли при визуальной оценке нативной ЭЭГ.…”

A Framework Proposal to Follow‐Up on Preclinical Convulsive Signals of a New Molecular Entity in First‐in‐Human Studies Using Electroencephalographic Monitoring

“…EAs are characterized by changes in voltage polarity arising abruptly as asymmetric waveforms out of EEG background activity. Forms of EAs are spikes defined as waves with a duration of 20 to <70 ms, and sharp waves are EAs that last for 70–200 ms; spikes and sharp waves may also occur in combination with slow waves, classically of higher amplitudes than spikes or sharp waves . In particular, periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges, which are defined as repetitive periodic, focal, or hemispheric epileptiform discharges (spikes, spike and waves, polyspikes, sharp waves) have been linked to convulsion risk (~50%); however, periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges are believed to occur in the context of acute organ pathologies and may not be assumed to be the most sensitive proconvulsive EEG event in the context of pharmacodynamic new molecular entity (NME) effects.…”

“…In particular, periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges, which are defined as repetitive periodic, focal, or hemispheric epileptiform discharges (spikes, spike and waves, polyspikes, sharp waves) have been linked to convulsion risk (~50%); however, periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges are believed to occur in the context of acute organ pathologies and may not be assumed to be the most sensitive proconvulsive EEG event in the context of pharmacodynamic new molecular entity (NME) effects. While less likely drug‐induced compared with spikes and sharp waves, focal slowing has also been described as a sign of local cortical abnormality—usually related to an organic pathology—which may indicate a seizure risk . Focal slowing is potentially relevant in particular in the absence of sedative effects.…”

“…Focal slowing is potentially relevant in particular in the absence of sedative effects. These EAs must be distinguished from benign epileptiform variants that are not considered to be associated with convulsive risk . Benign epileptiform variants were noted in ~3.5% of a general outpatient population referred to an EEG examination in the context of various conditions, including seizure disorders, stroke, encephalitis, psychological or behavioral symptoms, metabolic encephalopathy, dementia, blackouts, headaches, and dizziness .…”