Electroexplosive composite coatings of TiB 2 −Mo system are modified using a high-intensity electron beam. The structure and phase and elemental composition of the surface layer of a Hardox 450 steel subjected to electroexplosive deposition of the composite coating of non-mixing TiB 2 −Mo system subsequently irradiated by a high-intensity electron beam of submillisecond duration are investigated. Regimes of electron-beam treatment are elucidated that allow dense surface layers with mirror-like glitter possessing submicrocrystalline structure to be obtained based on titanium diboride and molybdenum. Our investigations demonstrate that the electron-beam treatment of the electroexplosive coating in the melting regime leads to the formation of a structurally and concentrationally homogeneous layer.