Electrogenerated chemiluminescence. 37. Aqueous ecl systems based on tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(2+) and oxalate or organic acids

Rubinstein, Israel; Bard, Allen J.

doi:10.1021/ja00393a006

Cited by 532 publications

(409 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

388

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Luminescence corresponding to the emission from Ru(bpy) 3 2+ * has been observed previously. 1 Similar observations have also been made for the thermal reduction of Ru(bpy) 3 3+ with reducing agents, such as hydralazine 2 , and alkali (OH -) 3 as well as organic acids 4 , such as oxalate and pyruvate 5 , and trialkylamines. 6 Similarly, the reactions of Ru(bpy) 3 1+ with oxidizing agents, such as 10-methylphenothiazine radical cation 7 and peroxydisulfate 8 , have been reported.…”

supporting

confidence: 66%

Electochemiluminescence Reaction by Mixing Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)-ruthenium(III) with Ketones

Uchikura

1999

ANAL. SCI.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A luminescence reaction by mixing tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(III) (Ru(bpy) 3 3+ ) with ketones in an aqueous solution or mixture of an aqueous solution and an organic solvent is described. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of chemiluminescence produced from the formation of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ * upon mixing of electrogenerated Ru(bpy) 3 3+ with ketones, such as 2-propanone, 2-butanone and 2,3-pentanedione.Thermal electron-transfer reactions of transition metal complexes, such as Ru(bpy) 3 2+ , in different oxidation states often result in a metal-to-ligand chargetransfer excitation state, with subsequent light emission from the solution. Chemiluminescence has been shown to occur both during the oxidation of Ru(bpy) 3 1+ and upon the reduction of Ru(bpy) 3 3+ . Luminescence corresponding to the emission from Ru(bpy) 3 2+ * has been observed previously.1 Similar observations have also been made for the thermal reduction of Ru(bpy) 3 3+ with reducing agents, such as hydralazine 2 , and alkali (OH -) 3 as well as organic acids 4 , such as oxalate and pyruvate 5 , and trialkylamines.6 Similarly, the reactions of Ru(bpy) 3 1+ with oxidizing agents, such as 10-methylphenothiazine radical cation 7 and peroxydisulfate 8 , have been reported.In recent years, new oxidizing agents, such as alicyclic tertiary amines 9 and tryptophan 10 , have been described and applied to the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) determination of oxalate 11 and tryptophan 12 in biological samples, such as urine, plasma and brain.The ECL intensity was measured using a two-channel flow-injection (FIA) system consisting of a micropump (Seishin Pharm., Japan), a Rheodyne sample-injection valve (Cotati, CA, USA), an electrochemical reactor (ECR, homemade) 9 , and a chemiluminescence detector (LC30-DPC10, Nihon Denshi Co., Japan). In controlled current (galvanostatic) electrolysis, the current was maintained at 80 µA with a potentio-galvanostat (HA-101, Hokutodenkou, Japan). These components were connected with Teflon spaghetti tubing (0.3 mm i.d.). Ketones were obtained from Tokyo Kasei (Tokyo, Japan), while tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium dichloride was obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other reagents and solvents used were of guaranteed grade. Water was deionized and distilled using a hardglass vessel. Stock solutions of ketones were prepared by dissolution in water-methanol (1:1, v/v) at 10 mM and appropriately diluted with the carrier solution before use. Ru(bpy) 3 2+ solution was dissolved to 0.3 mM in 10 mM H 2 SO 4 . The carrier solution was a mixture of 10 mM phosphate buffer-acetonitrile (1:1, v/v).The luminescence reaction between electrogenerated Ru(bpy) 3 3+ and ketones was studied using the FIA to sensitively and reproducibly introduce ketones into the luminescence detection system. A variety of experimental conditions were examined in this manner. As previously reported, the ECL intensity of the Ru(bpy) 3 2+ luminescence reaction is very dependent on the pH.9,10 The pH dependence on the ECL intensity was investigate...

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 66%

Electochemiluminescence Reaction by Mixing Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)-ruthenium(III) with Ketones

Uchikura

1999

ANAL. SCI.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, instead of exploring the rich chemistry of 2,2′-bipyridine derivation, significant efforts have focused on * E-mail: ming.zhou@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. † 23 and reductive-oxidation, 24 were used to generate the luminescent excited state [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ *, i.e., the metalto-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) state. A significant development for the practical applications is ECL with the participation of amines in the oxidative-reduction approach.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Ruthenium(II) Tris(bipyridine) Derivatives for Electrochemiluminescence Application

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ir(2-phenylpyridina-C ,N )^ With regard to transition metal complexes the^majority of eel studies have been carried out with RuCbipy)^ and its derivatives (11,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33).…”

Section: Thpomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemiluminescence resulting from electron trans-0097-6156/87/0333-0155$06.00/0 © 1987 American Chemical Society fer reactions of transition metal complexes has been observed in a few cases (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). However, the electrochemical generation of an appropriate redox pair in situ offers various advantages.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemiluminescence of Organometallics and Other Transition Metal Complexes

Vogler

Kunkely

1987

ACS Symposium Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence. 37. Aqueous ecl systems based on tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(2+) and oxalate or organic acids

Cited by 532 publications

References 0 publications

Electochemiluminescence Reaction by Mixing Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)-ruthenium(III) with Ketones

Electochemiluminescence Reaction by Mixing Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)-ruthenium(III) with Ketones

Comparative Study of Ruthenium(II) Tris(bipyridine) Derivatives for Electrochemiluminescence Application

Electrochemiluminescence of Organometallics and Other Transition Metal Complexes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About