Electrogenerated chemiluminescence.  XIII.  Electrochemical and electrogenerated chemiluminescence studies of ruthenium chelates

Tokel-Takvoryan, Nurhan E.; Hemingway, Ronald E.; Bard, Allen J.

doi:10.1021/ja00801a011

Cited by 494 publications

(303 citation statements)

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“…The electron rich nature of the thienyl moiety (as indicated by its low oxidation potential) and of the 1,2,4-triazole based ligands, being weaker π-acceptors than bpy, ensures that they are more difficult to reduce and these redox couples lie outside the potential window investigated. As has been found for other diimine complexes, irreversible waves corresponding to the second reduction process of the bpy ligands and desorption spikes are observed at negative potentials 24,25 . This situation is particularly aggravated for measurements involving the protonated complexes.…”

supporting

confidence: 75%

Modulation of Internuclear Communication in Multinuclear Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes

Browne¹,

Weldon²,

Guckian³

et al. 2003

Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun.

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The syntheses and characterisation of a series of mononuclear and dinuclear ruthenium polypyridyl complexes based on the bridging ligands 1,3-bis-[5-(2-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]benzene, 1,4-bis-[5-(2-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]benzene, 2,5-bis-[5-(2-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]thiophene, 2,5-bis-[5-pyrazinyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]thiophene are reported. Electrochemical studies indicate that in these systems, the ground state interaction is critically dependent on the nature of the bridging ligand and its protonation state, with strong and weak interactions being observed for thiophene- and phenylene-bridged complexes, respectively.

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supporting

confidence: 75%

Modulation of Internuclear Communication in Multinuclear Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes

Browne¹,

Weldon²,

Guckian³

et al. 2003

Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun.

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“…[10,23] Among various ECL systems, the tris-bipyridyl ruthenium inorganic dye is the most widely studied because of its attractive properties, which include high ECL efficiency and good chemical and electrochemical stability under mild conditions in aqueous solutions. [24] Recently, different methods have been attempted to immobilize ruthenium dyes on electrode surfaces to develop regenerable ECL devices. [10,25] In the case of meso-ATO films, their high accessible surface area and high crystalline mesoporosity provide an ideal test platform for accommodating large loadings of dye, thereby enabling the development of an efficient ECL cell.…”

Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dye‐Anchored Mesoporous Antimony‐Doped Tin Oxide Electrochemiluminescence Cell

et al. 2009

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Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) represent a unique class of electrode materials whose hallmark is high electrical conductivity and high optical transparency in the visible spectral range. They are renowned as electrode materials in solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, and flat-panel displays, on both rigid and flexible substrates. [1,2] A contemporary challenge in materials chemistry is to discover ways of increasing the surface area of TCOs while retaining their conductivity and transparency, a combination of properties that would, for example, enable a new platform for high-efficiency dye-immobilized electrochemiluminescence (ECL) displays, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, and (bio)chemical sensors.[3]Herein, we report the synthesis of mesoporous antimonydoped tin oxide films dubbed meso-ATOs, interesting candidates for a new type of electrode material that offers the unique combination of high-surface-area ordered mesoscale pores together with high electrical conductivity and high optical transparency, and further we show that it is capable of supporting chemically tethered ruthenium-based dyes, enabling it to function as an efficient and reusable solid-state ECL-based sensor.Why has it taken about two decades of research to achieve this sought after goal? One can trace the difficulty to a number of adverse contributing factors, one of which is the poor affinity between sol-gel precursors of conductive inorganic materials and the organic template-directing mesophase under the nonaqueous evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) conditions required to grow conducting mesoporous metal oxide films.[4] Another problem is that high conductivity is usually associated with high crystallinity, and for mesoporous transition metal oxide materials this necessitates crystallization of the as-synthesized amorphous metal oxide framework into a nanocrystalline version, which usually results in strain-induced collapse of channel and/or cavity walls of the mesopores. So far, only mesoporous tin-doped indium oxide (meso-ITO) materials have been reported, but either their conductivity is very low due to low crystallinity [5] or their conductivity is reasonable but the mesostructure can only be templated with a specialty polymer surfactant. [6]

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“…In the future, if enhanced sensitivity is desirable, users might consider using larger WE areas (as larger electrodes should yield more contact between the electrode and luminophore/coreactant molecules) to allow for more rapid regeneration, and band-pass filters to isolate photons at 540 nm -700 nm (Tokel-Takvoryan et al 1973) to improve signal to noise ratio.…”

Section: Integration Of Dmf and Eclmentioning

confidence: 99%