Electrokinetic Properties and Surface Conductivity of Cellulose and Oxycellulose, with Reference to the Carboxyl-group Content.

Rabinov, Gertrude; Heymann, E.

doi:10.1021/j150432a005

Cited by 26 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The K S was always higher with CV as compared to CLY, and that may be attributed to the greater carboxyl content of the CV (Rabinov and Heymann 1943;Fras et al 2004). As a result, almost always, the f app magnitudes of CV were lower than those of CLY, but their f corr magnitudes were similar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Salt sorption on regenerated cellulosic fibers: electrokinetic measurements

2018

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Streaming potential measurements were conducted on lyocell and viscose fibers, to determine the relative order in sorption extents of salt cations and anions. The sorption of K ? was greater than Na ? ions, and the sorption extents of the anions, Cland Br-, were similar. Previously, we had examined accessibility of the same ions in the fibers, and found them to follow the order: K ? \ Na ? and Cl-\ Br-. From these two contrasting results, we find that the mode of salt interaction with cellulose, from aqueous solutions, changes with the salt concentration. At low concentrations, the interaction is governed by ion-exchange processes with the cellulose carboxyl groups and the Donnan equilibrium; but at higher concentrations, the interaction is a function of the mobility (or diffusivity) of the ions. Thus, sorption and accessibility of cellulose fibers as measured with salts may not apply for other solutes, and conversely, similar studies with other probe molecules may not be relevant for salts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Salt sorption on regenerated cellulosic fibers: electrokinetic measurements

2018

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“…Mossman and Mason [20], however, showed that surface conductance of Orlon fabrics in solutions of different concentration of KC1, increased with cF in some instances, and in other diminished. In order to ascertain the influence that fibre concentration in the plug has on its surface conductance, we have determined the latter following a procedure similar to that used by Rabinov and Heymann [21], namely,…”

Section: I= I_elap+ L_2zacp + L2u(ap) 2 + L221apa(/) (8)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of packing density of cellulose plugs on streaming potential phenomena

González-Fernández

Espinosa-Jiménez

González‐Caballero

1983

Colloid & Polymer Sci

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An experimental investigation on streaming potentials of porous plugs of cellulose in both the linear and the non-linear range is described. The variation of the electrokinetic coefficients as a function of fibre concentration in the porous pad has been studied, using solutions of different concentration of Congo Red dye as a permeant. The trend observed for changes of both linear electrokinetic coefficient ~i and non-linear coefficient /ali as packing density, CF, increases, is somewhat analogous, the similarity suggesting some proportionality between both coefficients. The electroviscous effect accounts for the decrease of L21 l with the increase of c r. The coefficient ~2i was found to be always negative and, in absolute value, to decrease with increasing c F. Second-order coefficients have been interpreted in terms of modifications of "generalized conductivities" produced by the changes of thermodynamic forces.

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“…A summation of such tests has been compiled by Heermann [42] and by Tatu [104]. If we omit such tests as solubility in calcium thiocyanate [68], heats of combustion [ 11 ] , refractivity [64], electrokinetic properties [65,91], Nessler's reagent [24,26,38], specialized dying tests [29,32,39,40,62,75,82,99] , ferricyanide test [28], or microscopic examination [33,41,94] which are of recent introduction (and hence incompletely evaluated or designed for special industrial control) it is evident that the bulk of the alleged &dquo;knowledge&dquo; of the structure of oxidized celluloses rests on the results of methylene-blue absorption, cuprammonium hydroxide viscosity (fluidity), and copper number determinations. The interpretation of these tests was evolved from an examination of oxidized celluloses of variable and unknown chemical structures; then the results of such tests were applied to determining the structure of oxidized celluloses !…”

Section: C0evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Formation and Properties of Oxidized Celluloses

Unruh¹,

Kenyon²

1946

Textile Research Journal

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A consideration of several aspects of past research in oxidized cellulose leads to the following summary of the present status of our knowledge of its structure.(a,) Much of the published data relates to heterogeneous products and hence is of little utility in determining chemical structure. (b) Two types of &dquo;oxidized cellulose&dquo; of reasonable chemical and physical homogeneity have been prepared by oxidation of the 2,3-hydroxyls and the primary (6) hydroxyl groups of the anhydro-glucose units of cellulose. (c) These are not truly &dquo;oxidized celluloses&dquo; but new polymers in their own right, with chemical properties distinct from those of cellulose. They should be considered and named as specific chemical entities.(d) Further advance in our knowledge of oxidized cellulose structure and behavior must rest on examination of physically homogeneous products resulting from the application of oxidants which attack specific points of the cellulose structure.(e) Structural elucidation must employ determinations of unambiguous organic groups under controlled conditions.( f ) Only a few methods of structural determinations have been employed to date that can be accepted with some assurance. These are:( 1 ) Estimation of aldehyde groups by reaction with hydroxylamine. The aldehyde endgroup determination by alkaline iodine solutions is satisfactory for the purpose intended but of unproved merit for alkalisensitive oxidized celluloses.(2) Determination of combined uronic acid groups by evolution of carbon dioxide. (3) Determination of total carboxyl groups (including those of uronic acid) by the calcium acetate technique. (4) Determination of residual hydroxyl groups by acetylation or nitration. (5) Degradation of the oxidized celluloses by known reactions and identification of the fission products. (g) Owing to alkali-sensitivity of the oxidized celluloses, the cuprammonium hydroxide and copper number values are unreliable for such materials.

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Electrokinetic Properties and Surface Conductivity of Cellulose and Oxycellulose, with Reference to the Carboxyl-group Content.

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

Salt sorption on regenerated cellulosic fibers: electrokinetic measurements

Salt sorption on regenerated cellulosic fibers: electrokinetic measurements

The effect of packing density of cellulose plugs on streaming potential phenomena

The Formation and Properties of Oxidized Celluloses

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