Electroless chemical aging of carbon felt electrodes for the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) investigated by Electrochemical Impedance and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Derr, Igor; Przyrembel, Daniel; Schweer, Jakob; Fetyan, Abdulmonem; Langner, Joachim; Melke, Julia; Weinelt, Martin; Roth, Christina

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.050

Cited by 60 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Thanks to their low cost, inertness and stability, carbon felts are commonly used as electrode material in VRFBs, but unfortunately, those felts still have poor electrochemical activity which limits the power density of the battery . To overcome this challenge, various treatments, such as thermal treatment, acid treatment, electrochemical treatment and doping with metal and metal oxides, have been reported to activate the carbon felts, however, the obtained improvements are limited and the long‐term stability of the activated felts is still under question, whereas the electrodes suffer from degradation during cycling …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Electrospun Carbon−Carbon Composite and Commercial Felt for Their Activity and Electrolyte Utilization in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

et al. 2018

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A low cost highly active carbon−carbon composite fiber felt was produced by electrospinning a mixture of polyacrylonitrile and carbon black powder using poly acrylic acid as a binder for high carbon black loading. The newly designed high‐surface area electrode material showed promising results for use as electrode material for both the negative and positive half‐cell of vanadium redox flow batteries. Battery test results demonstrated promising performance for the electrospun carbon fibers at current densities below 60 mA cm−2, but were less active at higher values. The microstructure of the felt was characterized by X‐ray computed tomography to obtain the porous pathways, which facilitate electrolyte transport. The obtained results will help us to understand the role of porosity in the performance of the battery and to consequently improve the design of the carbon‐filled electrospun material.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Electrospun Carbon−Carbon Composite and Commercial Felt for Their Activity and Electrolyte Utilization in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

et al. 2018

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“…Ex situ XPS has been used to observe variations of the CF surface with respect to changes in the amount of functional groups before and after degradation . The results confirmed that the formation of functional groups on the felt surface is not the main cause for serious changes in the electrical properties of the GF electrodes.…”

Section: Degradation Of Vrfb Componentsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…So far, literature on the aging of VRFBs is scarce, with research on the chemical aging of electrodes being even more so. Derr et al studied electroless aging of CF electrodes by soaking them in electrolyte for a certain time period and temperature. Without applying any potential, the electrolyte‐induced chemical degradation of the felts could then be investigated in both half‐cells.…”

Section: Degradation Of Vrfb Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of all‐vanadium redox flow battery durability: Degradation mechanisms and mitigation strategies

et al. 2019

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Summary The all‐vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is emerging as a promising technology for large‐scale energy storage systems due to its scalability and flexibility, high round‐trip efficiency, long durability, and little environmental impact. As the degradation rate of the VRFB components is relatively low, less attention has been paid in terms of VRFB durability in comparison with studies on performance improvement and cost reduction. This paper reviews publications on performance degradation mechanisms and mitigation strategies for VRFBs in an attempt to achieve a systematic understanding of VRFB durability. Durability studies of individual VRFB components, including electrolyte, membrane, electrode, and bipolar plate, are introduced. Various degradation mechanisms at both cell and component levels are examined. Following these, applicable strategies for mitigating degradation of each component are compiled. In addition, this paper summarizes various diagnostic tools to evaluate component degradation, followed by accelerated stress tests and models for aging prediction that can help reduce the duration and cost associated with real lifetime tests. Finally, future research areas on the degradation and accelerated lifetime testing for VRFBs are proposed.

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“…Constant phase elements ( CPE 1,2 ) were used for fitting the capacitive parts instead of ideal capacitors because the penetration depth of the voltage and the current response vary due to the porosity and the heterogeneity of the carbon material, which results in nonideal semicircles. The capacitance was calculated from the CPE parameters, whereas the ionic resistance in pores is represented by R1 . The results of the fitting are shown in Table S1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capacitance was calculated from the CPE parameters, whereas the ionic resistance in pores is represented by R1. [16][17][18] The results of the fitting are shown in Table S1. The voltammetric response of the carbon materials synthesized with and without oxidation in acidic solution showed no peaks (see Fig.…”

Section: Characterization Of Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold oxygen plasma induces changes on the surface of carbon materials enhancing methanogenesis and N₂O reduction in anaerobic sludge incubations

Velasco‐Maldonado

Pat-Espadas

Cházaro-Ruiz

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Conductive materials, such as activated carbon (AC), graphene and biochar, have recently been applied for enhancing methane (CH4) production in anaerobic digesters. However, few efforts have been made to develop engineered conductive materials for these purposes. The aim of this work was to synthesize carbon materials from pecan nut shells and peach stones to apply them in anaerobic sludge incubations for enhancing the methanogenic activity, as well as the reduction of nitrous oxide (N2O). RESULT Addition of conductive materials increased up to six‐fold the maximum CH4 production rate. Moreover, oxidation of these carbon materials with cold oxygen plasma enriched their surface with redox functional groups (e.g. quinones), so that their application further increased the methanogenic production rate up to 11‐fold as compared to controls lacking conductive materials. Furthermore, the reduction rate of N2O was increased several orders of magnitude in the presence of synthesized carbon materials, which constitutes the first demonstration that conductive materials can significantly increase the reduction rate of this greenhouse gas. CONCLUSION Results indicate that there is great potential to develop engineered conductive materials to enhance both the production of CH4 and the reduction of N2O from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), which may contribute to achieve more efficient processes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Electroless chemical aging of carbon felt electrodes for the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) investigated by Electrochemical Impedance and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Cited by 60 publications

References 37 publications

Comparison of Electrospun Carbon−Carbon Composite and Commercial Felt for Their Activity and Electrolyte Utilization in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Comparison of Electrospun Carbon−Carbon Composite and Commercial Felt for Their Activity and Electrolyte Utilization in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

A review of all‐vanadium redox flow battery durability: Degradation mechanisms and mitigation strategies

Cold oxygen plasma induces changes on the surface of carbon materials enhancing methanogenesis and N₂O reduction in anaerobic sludge incubations

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Electroless chemical aging of carbon felt electrodes for the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) investigated by Electrochemical Impedance and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Cited by 60 publications

References 37 publications

Comparison of Electrospun Carbon−Carbon Composite and Commercial Felt for Their Activity and Electrolyte Utilization in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Comparison of Electrospun Carbon−Carbon Composite and Commercial Felt for Their Activity and Electrolyte Utilization in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

A review of all‐vanadium redox flow battery durability: Degradation mechanisms and mitigation strategies

Cold oxygen plasma induces changes on the surface of carbon materials enhancing methanogenesis and N2O reduction in anaerobic sludge incubations

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Product

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Cold oxygen plasma induces changes on the surface of carbon materials enhancing methanogenesis and N₂O reduction in anaerobic sludge incubations